This book originates from the proceedings of the 10th anniversary conference of the Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER) in which renowned experts in the field took stock of recent evolutions in the law and practice of the EU's external relations. In particular, the book addresses the question of how the evolving legal and political framework affects the nature of EU external relations law. The contributions discuss the actions (and reactions) of the EU through external action instruments in a number of substantive areas such as migration, trade, neighbouring policies, security and defence. By shedding light on the most significant developments of the past decade this edited volume attests to the ever-evolving nature of the field of EU External Relations Law. Thus, this book is essential reading for academics, practitioners and policy makers at the EU level interested in the field of EU External Relations Law. Dr. W.Th. Douma is an Independent legal expert at the European Environmental Law Consultancy and EU Legal - Centre for European and International Law, both based in The Netherlands, voluntary researcher at Ghent University in Belgium, and Senior Legal Adviser at the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. Prof. Dr. C. Eckes is Professor of European Law at the University of Amsterdam and director of the Amsterdam Centre for European Law and Governance, The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. P. Van Elsuwege is Professor of European Union Law at Ghent University and co-director of the Ghent European Law Institute, Belgium. Dr. E. Kassoti is Senior researcher in EU and International Law at the Asser Institute and academic co-ordinator of the Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER), The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. A. Ott is Professor of EU External Relations Law and Jean Monnet professor in EU Law at Maastricht University, The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. R.A. Wessel is Professor of European Law and Head of the European and Economic Law Department at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

The application of the caval catheter in emergency medicine and intensive care has today become routine. Generally, even in severe shock this route of access to the cardiovascular system is available in order to apply life saving volume substitution. It also permits longterm infusions in modern intensive care, particularly continuous administration of high-osmolarity solutions in par enteral nutrition. In both fields it represents one of the most important diagnostic parameters of circulatory disorders, enabl ing the registration of central venous pressure. Its undeniable advantages are counterbalanced by the dangers inherent in all invasive methods. Since sufficient experience and precise sta tistics are now at our disposal, the time has come for a provisional survey. While a few years ago it was considered mandatory to propagate the central venous access in order to advance new therapeutic and diagnostic methods, it is now necessary to recon sider and reformulate indications for its use. In this task it is essential to weigh the expected advantages against the possible complications in each and every case of catheter application. Cri tical scrutiny must include evaluation of techniques, approaches, and finally catheter materials; this paper presents the results of such a survey. The physician is hereby given the opportunity of being completely informed of evaluating the validity of his standard procedures. VIm, April 1977 C. BURRI F. W. AHNEFELD Table of Contents I. Introduction. . . . . . . . . 1 II. Indications for Caval Catheter 3 A. Caval Catheter in Emergency Situations 3 B."

This book originates from the proceedings of the 10th anniversary conference of the Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER) in which renowned experts in the field took stock of recent evolutions in the law and practice of the EU's external relations. In particular, the book addresses the question of how the evolving legal and political framework affects the nature of EU external relations law. The contributions discuss the actions (and reactions) of the EU through external action instruments in a number of substantive areas such as migration, trade, neighbouring policies, security and defence. By shedding light on the most significant developments of the past decade this edited volume attests to the ever-evolving nature of the field of EU External Relations Law. Thus, this book is essential reading for academics, practitioners and policy makers at the EU level interested in the field of EU External Relations Law. Dr. W.Th. Douma is an Independent legal expert at the European Environmental Law Consultancy and EU Legal - Centre for European and International Law, both based in The Netherlands, voluntary researcher at Ghent University in Belgium, and Senior Legal Adviser at the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. Prof. Dr. C. Eckes is Professor of European Law at the University of Amsterdam and director of the Amsterdam Centre for European Law and Governance, The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. P. Van Elsuwege is Professor of European Union Law at Ghent University and co-director of the Ghent European Law Institute, Belgium. Dr. E. Kassoti is Senior researcher in EU and International Law at the Asser Institute and academic co-ordinator of the Centre for the Law of EU External Relations (CLEER), The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. A. Ott is Professor of EU External Relations Law and Jean Monnet professor in EU Law at Maastricht University, The Netherlands. Prof. Dr. R.A. Wessel is Professor of European Law and Head of the European and Economic Law Department at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

Die Anwendung eines Cava-Katheters gehoert heute in den Bereichen der Notfall- und der Intensivmedizin zu den Routineverfahren. Ganz allgemein betrachtet, ist diese Form des Zuganges zum Gefasssystem bei Notfallen auch noch im schweren Schock moeglich, um die lebens- rettende Volumensubstitution zu sichern, oder aber sie erlaubt bei In- tensivtherapie-Patienten die heute ubliche Langzeitinfusionstherapie, insbesondere die kontinuierliche Zufuhr hyperosmolarer Nahrloesungen im Rahmen der fur diese Patienten lebenserhaltenden parenteralen Er- nahrung. In beiden Bereichen erschliessen wir uns damit gleichzeitig eine der wichtigsten diagnostischen Moeglichkeiten zur Beurteilung der Kreislaufverhaltnisse in Form der Registrierung des zentralvenoesen Druckes. Diesen unbestreitbaren Vorteilen stehen aber Gefahren ge- genuber, die alle invasiven Methoden beinhalten. Nachdem ausreichen- de Erfahrungen und sorgfaltige statistische Beurteilungen vorliegen, entsteht die Aufgabe, eine erneute Zwischenbilanz vorzulegen. Wah- rend noch vor wenigen Jahren die Anwendung des zentralvenoesen Zu- ganges propagiert werden musste, um damit neue therapeutische und diagnostische Wege zu erschliessen, ist es jetzt an der Zeit, die Indika- tionsstellung zu uberprufen und neu zu formulieren. Dabei gilt der Grundsatz, dass bei Anwendung des Cava-Katheters in jedem Einzel- fall zwischen erhofften Vorteilen und moeglichen Komplikationen abzu- wagen ist. Die kritische Bestandsaufnahme muss zudem eine Bewertung der Techniken, der Zugangswege und schliesslich des Kathetermaterials enthalten. Mit dieser Arbeit wird das Ergebnis einer solchen Bilanz vorgelegt. Jeder Arzt erhalt damit die Moeglichkeit einer umfassenden Information und die Voraussetzungen fur eine kritische uberprufung der in seinem Bereich gultigen Grundsatze. Ulm, im September 1977 C. BURRI F. W. AHNEFELD Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Einleitung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The emphasis on special operations and specifically unconventional warfare (UW) has grown significantly since the end of the Gulf War. The contemporary operational environment (COE) in which the U.S. military operates today is dictating this emphasis. The COE is the complex global environment that exists today. It encompasses the effects of globalism, changes in the global power structure, the proliferation of technology and weapons of mass destruction, and the entire spectrum of threats that exist-from traditional nation-state actors to emerging non-state actors. The core purpose of Army Special Forces (SF) has been, and will continue to be UW. The ability to operate in this dynamic, ambiguous environment through, with, and by indigenous and surrogate forces often makes SF an ideal economy of force for operations in the COE. This study looks at the SF organization to determine what changes are indicated from the COE for it to continue to provide a viable, effective UW capability. The study first analyzes the historical origins and evolution of the SF organization from World War II through the Gulf War. The study then defines and analyzes the COE and recent SF operations since the end of the Gulf War. From this analysis, the study identifies areas in which the SF organization needs to change in response to the COE. The study identified the direct and indirect impacts on the SF organizational structure. Direct effects of the COE include personnel and training changes resulting from the increased emphasis on human intelligence (HUMINT) and information technologies for SF to operate effectively in the joint, multinational, and interagency environment. Indirect effects of the COE include increases in command and control, combat support, and combat service support assets required to conduct multiple, sustained special operations globally.