Microbiota Brain Axis: A Neuroscience Primer provides neuroscience researchers with a comprehensive guide on how to conduct effective microbiota-brain research, understand the appropriate methodologies, and collect and analyze microbiota data. The book begins with an introduction to the importance of the microbiota-brain communication in development and how microbiota impact neurodevelopmental disorders, mental health and neurodegeneration. In addition, the book discusses advances in microbiota analysis tools and techniques for neuroscience related research.

In 1782, J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur wrote, "What then, is the American, this new man? He is an American, who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced." In casting aside their European mores, these pioneers, de Crevecoeur implied, were the very embodiment of a new culture, society, economy, and political system. But to what extent did manliness shape early America's character and institutions? And what roles did race, ethnicity, and class play in forming masculinity? Thomas A. Foster and his contributors grapple with these questions in New Men, showcasing how colonial and Revolutionary conditions gave rise to new standards of British American manliness. Focusing on Indian, African, and European masculinities in British America from earliest Jamestown through the Revolutionary era, and addressing such topics that range from slavery to philanthropy, and from satire to warfare, the essays in this anthology collectively demonstrate how the economic, political, social, cultural, and religious conditions of early America shaped and were shaped by ideals of masculinity. Contributors: Susan Abram, Tyler Boulware, Kathleen Brown, Trevor Burnard, Toby L. Ditz, Carolyn Eastman, Benjamin Irvin, Janet Moore Lindman, John Gilbert McCurdy, Mary Beth Norton, Ann Marie Plane, Jessica Choppin Roney, and Natalie A. Zacek.

More mathematicians have been taking part in the development of digital image processing as a science and the contributions are reflected in the increasingly important role modeling has played solving complex problems. This book is mostly concerned with energy-based models. Most of these models come from industrial projects in which the author was involved in robot vision and radiography: tracking 3D lines, radiographic image processing, 3D reconstruction and tomography, matching, deformation learning. Numerous graphical illustrations accompany the text.

In the decades following the era of decolonization, global Christianity experienced a seismic shift. While Catholicism and Protestantism have declined in their historic European strongholds, they have sustained explosive growth in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. This demographic change has established Christians from the Global South as an increasingly dominant presence in modern Christian thought, culture, and politics. Decolonization and the Remaking of Christianity unearths the roots of this development, charting the metamorphosis of Christian practice and institutions across five continents throughout the pivotal years of decolonization. The essays in this collection illustrate the diverse new ideas, rituals, and organizations created in the wake of Western imperialism’s formal collapse and investigate how religious leaders, politicians, theologians, and lay people debated and shaped a new Christianity for a postcolonial world. Contributors argue that the collapse of colonialism and broader cultural challenges to Western power fostered new organizations, theologies, and political engagements across the world, ultimately setting Christianity on its current trajectory away from its colonial heritage. These essays interrogate decolonization’s varied and conflicting impacts on global Christianity, while also providing a novel framework for rethinking decolonization’s modern legacies. Taken together, this book charts the relationship between decolonization and Christianity on a truly global scale. Contributors: Joel Cabrita, Darcie Fontaine, Elizabeth A. Foster, Udi Greenberg, David Kirkpatrick, Eric Morier-Genoud, Phi-Vân Nguyen, Justin Reynolds, Sarah Shortall, Lydia Walker, Charlotte Walker-Said, Albert Wu, Gene Zubovich.

More mathematicians have been taking part in the development of digital image processing as a science and the contributions are reflected in the increasingly important role modeling has played solving complex problems. This book is mostly concerned with energy-based models. Through concrete image analysis problems, the author develops consistent modeling, a know-how generally hidden in the proposed solutions. The book is divided into three main parts. The first two parts describe the materials necessary to the models expressed in the third part. These materials include splines (variational approach, regression spline, spline in high dimension), and random fields (Markovian field, parametric estimation, stochastic and deterministic optimization, continuous Gaussian field). Most of these models come from industrial projects in which the author was involved in robot vision and radiography: tracking 3D lines, radiographic image processing, 3D reconstruction and tomography, matching, deformation learning. Numerous graphical illustrations accompany the text showing the performance of the proposed models. This book will be useful to researchers and graduate students in applied mathematics, computer vision, and physics.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming, EuroGP 2002, held in Kinsale, Ireland, in April 2002.The 18 revised full papers and 14 posters presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. All current aspects of genetic programming and genetic algorithms are addressed, ranging from theoretical and foundational issues to applications in a variety of fields.

"Faith in Empire" is an innovative exploration of French colonial rule in West Africa, conducted through the prism of religion and religious policy. Elizabeth Foster examines the relationships among French Catholic missionaries, colonial administrators, and Muslim, animist, and Christian Africans in colonial Senegal between 1880 and 1940. In doing so she illuminates the nature of the relationship between the French Third Republic and its colonies, reveals competing French visions of how to approach Africans, and demonstrates how disparate groups of French and African actors, many of whom were unconnected with the colonial state, shaped French colonial rule. Among other topics, the book provides historical perspective on current French controversies over the place of Islam in the Fifth Republic by exploring how Third Republic officials wrestled with whether to apply the legal separation of church and state to West African Muslims.

This book is intended to bring together data and clinical guidelines for those involved in the practice of anaesthesia, whether they be specialists or not. It is designed to be a true handbook that will accompany its owner into the operating theatre, where it will serve as a practical reference guide, not as a textbook. We welcome comment, criticism, and suggestions for improvement of the contents; correspondence may be addressed to the authors at P. O. Box 63, Tygerberg 7505, Republic of South Africa. We wish to acknowledge help received from our colleagues over the years of publication: Dr. T.J.V.Voss, Prof. G.G.Harrison, Dr. C. M. Lewis, Dr. W. B. Murray, Prof. A. R. Coetzee, and Dr. W. L. van der Merwe. Acknowledgement is also made to "Anaesthesia Guidelines," long since out of print, on which the first edition of this handbook was based in 1978. Tygerberg, South Africa, May 1987 P.A.Foster l.A. Roelofse v Contents Chapter 1 I. Pre-anaesthetic Assessment and Preparation 3 A. Anaesthetic Risk Assessment 3 B. Cardiac Risk Index . . . . . . 6 C. Respiratory Risk Assessment 7 D. Hepatic Reserve and Anaesthetic Risk 8 E. Pre-anaesthetic Check List . . . . . . . 8 F. Detailed Check of Anaesthetic Machine 10 G. Requirements for Paediatric Anaesthesia .

View the Table of Contents
Read the Introduction

aThoughtful, persuasive, solidly constructed, and likely to endure the test of time.a--"Choice"

aHalf the 14 essays in this interdisciplinary study of seventeenth- through nineteenth-century America are reprints--though it's useful to have work that appeared in academic journals collected in one place. Among original work, Ramon A. Gutierrez's revisionist perspective on Native American "berdache" will raise the most eyebrows: rather than exalt their same-sex spirituality, fashionable among gay liberationists and radical faeries alike, the author's theory is that they led lives of sexual ahumiliation and endless work, not of celebration and veneration.a Among the reprints, Caleb Crain's account of a romantic triangle among three Philadelphia men that began in 1786, culled from their diaries, is the sweetest. Several essays draw on court records dating back as far as three hundred years to unearth queer lives, while others glean an intriguing and instructive glimpse of the past through a reading of Colonial-era fiction and journalism.a
--"Q Syndicate"

aIlluminate[s] the complexity, breadth, and social impact of sexuality in history.a--"The Gay & Lesbian Review"

aAn excellent introduction to the dynamic new work on sexuality in colonial and early national America, which not only expands our understanding of early America but forces us to rethink paradigms and periodizations that have long governed histories of sexuality in the U.S. A valuable contribution.a
--George Chauncey, author of "Why Marriage?"

aThis splendid collection illustrates the maturation of lesbian and gay history. The early American era emerges as arich period for understanding same-sex desire in both law and culture. It also proves critical for re-evaluating the dominant interpretations of the emergence of modern homosexual identities.a
--Estelle B. Freedman, author of "Feminism, Sexuality, and Politics"

aThis book fills a huge gap in research on same-sex sexuality, and usefully complicates our historical understanding of acts and identities. Long before Stonewall there were sexual identities! But their character will surprise you.a
--Jonathan Ned Katz, author of "Love Stories"

aRepresents an important contribution to American historical and sexuality studies.a--"The Gay & Lesbian Review/Worldwide"

"A major, ground-breaking study of early America. Readers will come away with a fresh sense of the centrality of sexuality to any understanding of the formation of the new Republic."
--Martha Vicinus, author of "Intimate Friends: Women Who Loved Women, 1778-1928"

"This splendid collection, interdisciplinary but deeply historical, illustrates the maturation of lesbian and gay history as it has expanded its chronological and regional scope and its methodological depths.."
--Estelle B. Freedman, author of "Feminism, Sexuality, and Politics"

Although the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City symbolically mark the start of the gay rights movement, individuals came together long before the modern era to express their same-sex romantic and sexual attraction toward one another, and in a myriad of ways. Some reflected on their desires in quiet solitude, while others endured verbal, physical, and legal harassment for publicly expressing homosexual interest through words or actions.

Long Before Stonewall seeks touncover the many iterations of same-sex desire in colonial America and the early Republic, as well as to expand the scope of how we define and recognize homosocial behavior. Thomas A. Foster has assembled a path-breaking, interdisciplinary collection of original and classic essays that explore topics ranging from homoerotic imagery of black men to prison reform to the development of sexual orientations. This collection spans a regional and temporal breadth that stretches from the colonial Southwest to Quaker communities in New England. It also includes a challenge to commonly accepted understandings of the Native American berdache. Throughout, connections of race, class, status, and gender are emphasized, exposing the deep foundations on which modern sexual political movements and identities are built.

Tells the fascinating stories of the myriad women who shaped the early modern North American world from the colonial era through the first years of the Republic Women in Early America, edited by Thomas A. Foster, goes beyond the familiar stories of Pocahontas or Abigail Adams, recovering the lives and experiences of lesser-known women-both ordinary and elite, enslaved and free, Indigenous and immigrant-who lived and worked in not only British mainland America, but also New Spain, New France, New Netherlands, and the West Indies. In these essays we learn about the conditions that women faced during the Salem witchcraft panic and the Spanish Inquisition in New Mexico; as indentured servants in early Virginia and Maryland; caught up between warring British and Native Americans; as traders in New Netherlands and Detroit; as slave owners in Jamaica; as Loyalist women during the American Revolution; enslaved in the President's house; and as students and educators inspired by the air of equality in the young nation. Foster showcases the latest research of junior and senior historians, drawing from recent scholarship informed by women's and gender history-feminist theory, gender theory, new cultural history, social history, and literary criticism. Collectively, these essays address the need for scholarship on women's lives and experiences. Women in Early America heeds the call of feminist scholars to not merely reproduce male-centered narratives, "add women, and stir," but to rethink master narratives themselves so that we may better understand how women and men created and developed our historical past.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Genetic Programming, EuroGP 2011, held in Torino, Italy, in April 2011 co-located with the Evo* 2011 events.
This 20 revised full papers presented together with 9 poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 59 submissions. The wide range of topics in this volume reflect the current state of research in the field, including representations, theory, novel operators and techniques, self organization, and applications.

Suitable for a one-semester course in general relativity for senior undergraduates or beginning graduate students, this text clarifies the mathematical aspects of Einstein's theory of relativity without sacrificing physical understanding. The text begins with an exposition of those aspects of tensor calculus and differential geometry needed for a proper treatment of the subject. The discussion then turns to the spacetime of general relativity and to geodesic motion. A brief consideration of the field equations is followed by a discussion of physics in the vicinity of massive objects, including an elementary treatment of black holes and rotating objects. The main text concludes with introductory chapters on gravitational radiation and cosmology. This new third edition has been updated to take account of fresh observational evidence and experiments.

No single vision for the future of America existed after the Revolution. In light of social and economic changes, America's scope shifted from community-mindedness, the very heart of the republican ideal, to economic individualism. In Moral Visions and Material Ambitions, A. Kristen Foster describes how eager young entrepreneurs in Philadelphia manipulated America's moral vision of a classical republic to facilitate their own material ambitions, fostered by the free market economy that arose between 1776 and 1836. As market developments changed economic relationships in the city, men and women used the Revolution's republican language to help explain what was happening to them, and in the process they helped redefine class structure in Philadelphia. This study explores the ways Philadelphians used the Revolution and its powerful language of liberty and equality to impose meaning on their lives, as an expanding market irreversibly changed social and economic relationships in their city, and eventually the rest of the country.

The Princeton University Art Museum' s collection of American drawings and watercolors is impressive in both scope and quality, providing a comprehensive overview of the nation' s artistic traditions. This lavishly illustrated book highlights seventy-seven master drawings and watercolors chosen from the museum' s extensive collection. The selections, which range from the eighteenth century to the present, are by such eminent American artists as Benjamin West, Winslow Homer, Thomas Eakins, Mary Cassatt, Andrew Wyeth, Georgia O' Keeffe, Lee Bontecou, and Tom Wesselmann. A group of outstanding works by Hudson River School and Ash Can artists also distinguishes the collection.

Each of the selected drawings and watercolors is reproduced in full color and is accompanied by an in-depth catalogue entry. The book also features an introduction by John Wilmerding describing Princeton' s history of collecting American art, as well as an essay by Kathleen A. Foster on the historiography of American drawings and watercolors. A useful checklist of the Museum' s entire collection of over 1,300 American drawings and watercolors, selectively illustrated in color, concludes the book.

This beautiful and informative volume clearly demonstrates that the holdings of the Princeton University Art Museum represent an extraordinary resource for students, scholars, and those with a love of American art and art history.

The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in RtI: Implementing Multiple Tiers of Student Support" is an innovative resource for school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The author examines the current interaction among special and general educators, and identifies how SLPs best fit into a multi-tiered/response to instruction process. This collaboration requires school staff share the same vision on the operation of the system, understand their respective roles, and merge the curricular with the developmental perspective to build basic skills in support of student performance growth.General educators have traditionally utilized the language of curriculum (e.g., standards, pacing guides, formative and summative assessments) to talk about student goals and achievement. Special educators, including SLPs, most often utilize the language of development (e.g., norms, percentile ranks, development milestones) to measure student growth. The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in RtI assesses this apparent clash in nomenclature and identifies new ways for collaboration and cooperation among faculty and administration.In order for the SLP to be an effective partner in the development and implementation of RtI, the author proposes that SLPs should:1. understand the "language" of general education,2. be able to "translate" the curricular needs of students into skill-based units that can be measured and progress-monitored,3. have full understanding of the developmental progression of skills and how that progression links to curriculum standards, and4. be knowledgeable on evidence-based practices that can have a meaningful impact on closing developmental gaps and result in higher achievement outcomes.This text provides the blueprint for the implementation of a system of student support that was envisioned in the 2004 reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA).Unlike other books on RtI, this essential resource addresses the very specific roles that different school-level professionals must play to make the system effective. No other text provides SLPs with such a comprehensive, school-wide perspective on the different roles in the process, the different "languages" used by the professionals in those roles, and how to navigate those different perspectives.

Winner of the John Gilmary Shea Prize A groundbreaking history of how Africans in the French Empire embraced both African independence and their Catholic faith during the upheaval of decolonization, leading to a fundamental reorientation of the Catholic Church. African Catholic examines how French imperialists and the Africans they ruled imagined the religious future of French sub-Saharan Africa in the years just before and after decolonization. The story encompasses the political transition to independence, Catholic contributions to black intellectual currents, and efforts to alter the church hierarchy to create an authentically "African" church. Elizabeth Foster recreates a Franco-African world forged by conquest, colonization, missions, and conversions-one that still exists today. We meet missionaries in Africa and their superiors in France, African Catholic students abroad destined to become leaders in their home countries, African Catholic intellectuals and young clergymen, along with French and African lay activists. All of these men and women were preoccupied with the future of France's colonies, the place of Catholicism in a postcolonial Africa, and the struggle over their personal loyalties to the Vatican, France, and the new African states. Having served as the nuncio to France and the Vatican's liaison to UNESCO in the 1950s, Pope John XXIII understood as few others did the central questions that arose in the postwar Franco-African Catholic world. Was the church truly universal? Was Catholicism a conservative pillar of order or a force to liberate subjugated and exploited peoples? Could the church change with the times? He was thinking of Africa on the eve of Vatican II, declaring in a radio address shortly before the council opened, "Vis-a-vis the underdeveloped countries, the church presents itself as it is and as it wants to be: the church of all."