Fiscal policy is critical to the development of poor countries. Public spending on pro-poor services and public goods must be increased, tax revenues must be mobilized, and macro-economic stabilization must be achieved without inhibiting growth, poverty reduction and post-conflict reconstruction. This book provides both a comprehensive and balanced guide to the current policy debate and new results on the development impact of fiscal policies. It is essential reading for students of development economics as well as all those seeking to improve policy-effectiveness.

Help addicts to better their lives, even though they oppose treatment!This useful volume, the result of more than ten years of work in researching and refining the techniques most likely to lead to positive client outcomes, offers field-tested methods for dealing with the most challenging addicted client types. These include hopeless clients, clients considered to be in denial, and those who are in treatment not because they desire it, but because of a mandate from an outside authority. The techniques you'll find in Solutions for the "Treatment-Resistant" Addicted Client have proven to be successful with even the most difficult clients.The techniques you will learn in this book avoid generating resistance on the part of the client and are easily integrated into any treatment model. You'll also find case studies, practice worksheets, and suggestions for therapeutic tasks to assign to your clients.Solutions for the "Treatment-Resistant" Addicted Client will teach you: why treating even the most challenging clients with respect is vital to successful therapy why the concept of the client's "treatment readiness" is a myth; it is you, the therapist, who must be "ready" for the most challenging client! how to give your therapeutic message greater impact and break out of unproductive patterns of relating to your clientsAnd the book's final section, presented in Q&A format, addresses: practical applications of the techniques discussed theoretical frameworks for the interventions suggested ethical concerns relating to dealing with clients who don't want treatment Alcohol and drug counselors, probation/parole officers, social workers, and other mental health professionals who work with addicted clients will find this book an invaluable aid in their work. Students preparing to enter these careers, as well as those preparing for certification as alcohol or drug abuse counselors, also need the information found here. Solutions for the "Treatment-Resistant" Addicted Client is must reading for anyone dealing with this extraordinarily difficult population.

Engaging fiction and non-fiction fully aligned to each week of Essential Letters and Sounds, allowing children to consolidate their phonic knowledge through reading in context. These fully decodable readers are 100% matched to the phonic progression of Essential Letters and Sounds. Essential Letters and Sounds is a systematic synthetic phonics programme validated by the Department for Education. These readers complement your existing decodable readers from Oxford University Press and can be used alongside them to support the teaching of Essential Letters and Sounds. The Lost Den allows children to apply their phonics learning from Year 1, Autumn 2, Week 6 of Essential Letters and Sounds.

Nutrition manuals and textbooks are usually written to meet the needs of nutritionists or would-be nutritionists. This manual has been written to meet the needs of health professionals who are not nutritionists, including physicians, nurses and pharmacists. The acquaints readers in these professions with the principles of nutrition and the application of nutrition to the better delivery of health care.

This book deals with the earliest period of human settlement in Britain, proposing a series of archaeological stages for the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic periods. An introduction on the problems and methods of studying the Palaeolithic and Pleistocene periods leads into the technical argument, a sequence of development derived from evidence of stone artefacts and other signs of human activity at stratified sites in south-east England. Materials from all occupied parts of Britain are related to this basic sequence and, stressing that Britain lay on the edge of the Palaeolithic world, the author also brings in essential evidence from Europe and farther afield. The final chapter suggests the probable way of life of human groups in this period. This broad survey synthesises material from widely scattered sources including museums from all over Britain and has an extensive bibliography. Originally published in 1981.

Today there is widespread awareness of the fact that time has been under-investigated in organizational studies. This book addresses the need to bridge the gap between the predominantly "timeless" theories and models that scholars have produced and the daily experiences of employees and managers, in which time is salient and extremely important. These chapters offer a broad range of concepts, models, and methods that are tailored to this purpose. The first part of the book is devoted to the way in which people in organizations manage time, summarizing research findings, presenting novel ideas on a broad range of issues and examining issues such as whether time can be managed, how people are affected by deadlines and how do strategic changes in organizations affect individuals' careers and sense of identity. The second part is about time as embedded in collective behaviours and experiences, and in temporal regimes linked to organizational structures. It discusses ways to study such collective patterns and their relationships to management practices, and addresses topics such as sensemaking of dynamic events, rhythmic patterns and their impact on organizational effectiveness, time in industrial relations, and power and temporal hegemony. A third part with a single concluding chapter looks at possibilities for integrating the various approaches and provides suggestions for future research. This book adopts a pluralistic approach, arguing against timeless conceptions in organizational theory and behaviour and instead emphasising the importance of temporal analysis.

The theology of salvation stands at the heart of the Christian faith. Very often the structure of Christian salvation is seen in terms of a single theme, such as atonement for sins, forgiveness, liberation or friendship with God. It is easy to reduce soteriology to a matter of merely personal experience, or to see salvation as just a solution to a human problem. This book explores a vital yet often neglected aspect of Christian confession - the essential relationship between the nature of salvation and the character of the God who saves. In what ways does God's saving outreach reflect God's character? How might a Christian depiction of salvation best bear witness to these features? What difference might it make to start with the identity of God as encountered in the gospel, then view everything else in the light of that? In addressing these questions, this book offers fresh appraisals of a range of major themes in theology: the nature of creaturely existence; the relationship between divine purposes and material history; the holiness, love and judgement of God; the atoning work of Jesus Christ; election, justification and the nature of faith; salvation outside the church; human and non-human ends; the nature of eschatological fellowship with God. In looking at these issues in the light of God's identity, the authors offer a stimulating and tightly-argued reassessment of what a Christian theology of salvation ought to resemble, and ask what the implications might be for Christian life and witness in the world today.

The theology of salvation stands at the heart of the Christian faith. Very often the structure of Christian salvation is seen in terms of a single theme, such as atonement for sins, forgiveness, liberation or friendship with God. It is easy to reduce soteriology to a matter of merely personal experience, or to see salvation as just a solution to a human problem. This book explores a vital yet often neglected aspect of Christian confession - the essential relationship between the nature of salvation and the character of the God who saves. In what ways does God's saving outreach reflect God's character? How might a Christian depiction of salvation best bear witness to these features? What difference might it make to start with the identity of God as encountered in the gospel, then view everything else in the light of that? In addressing these questions, this book offers fresh appraisals of a range of major themes in theology: the nature of creaturely existence; the relationship between divine purposes and material history; the holiness, love and judgement of God; the atoning work of Jesus Christ; election, justification and the nature of faith; salvation outside the church; human and non-human ends; the nature of eschatological fellowship with God. In looking at these issues in the light of God's identity, the authors offer a stimulating and tightly-argued reassessment of what a Christian theology of salvation ought to resemble, and ask what the implications might be for Christian life and witness in the world today.

Today there is widespread awareness of the fact that time has been under-investigated in organizational studies. This book addresses the need to bridge the gap between the predominantly "timeless" theories and models that scholars have produced and the daily experiences of employees and managers, in which time is salient and extremely important. These chapters offer a broad range of concepts, models, and methods that are tailored to this purpose.

The first part of the book is devoted to the way in which people in organizations manage time, summarizing research findings, presenting novel ideas on a broad range of issues and examining issues such as whether time can be managed, how people are affected by deadlines and how do strategic changes in organizations affect individuals careers and sense of identity. The second part is about time as embedded in collective behaviours and experiences, and in temporal regimes linked to organizational structures. It discusses ways to study such collective patterns and their relationships to management practices, and addresses topics such as sensemaking of dynamic events, rhythmic patterns and their impact on organizational effectiveness, time in industrial relations, and power and temporal hegemony. A third part with a single concluding chapter looks at possibilities for integrating the various approaches and provides suggestions for future research. This book adopts a pluralistic approach, arguing against timeless conceptions in organizational theory and behaviour and instead emphasising the importance of temporal analysis.

Nutrition manuals and textbooks are usually written to meet the needs of nutritionists or would-be nutritionists. This manual has been written to meet the needs of health professionals who are not nutritionists, including physicians, nurses and pharmacists. The aim is to acquaint readers in these professions with the principles of nutrition and the application of nutrition to the better delivery of health care.

This book deals with the earliest period of human settlement in Britain, proposing a series of archaeological stages for the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic periods. An introduction on the problems and methods of studying the Palaeolithic and Pleistocene periods leads into the technical argument, a sequence of development derived from evidence of stone artefacts and other signs of human activity at stratified sites in south-east England. Materials from all occupied parts of Britain are related to this basic sequence and, stressing that Britain lay on the edge of the Palaeolithic world, the author also brings in essential evidence from Europe and farther afield. The final chapter suggests the probable way of life of human groups in this period. This broad survey synthesises material from widely scattered sources including museums from all over Britain and has an extensive bibliography. Originally published in 1981.

Help addicts to better their lives, even though they oppose treatment!This useful volume, the result of more than ten years of work in researching and refining the techniques most likely to lead to positive client outcomes, offers field-tested methods for dealing with the most challenging addicted client types. These include hopeless clients, clients considered to be in denial, and those who are in treatment not because they desire it, but because of a mandate from an outside authority. The techniques you'll find in Solutions for the "Treatment-Resistant" Addicted Client have proven to be successful with even the most difficult clients.The techniques you will learn in this book avoid generating resistance on the part of the client and are easily integrated into any treatment model. You'll also find case studies, practice worksheets, and suggestions for therapeutic tasks to assign to your clients.Solutions for the "Treatment-Resistant" Addicted Client will teach you: why treating even the most challenging clients with respect is vital to successful therapy why the concept of the client's "treatment readiness" is a myth; it is you, the therapist, who must be "ready" for the most challenging client! how to give your therapeutic message greater impact and break out of unproductive patterns of relating to your clientsAnd the book's final section, presented in Q&A format, addresses: practical applications of the techniques discussed theoretical frameworks for the interventions suggested ethical concerns relating to dealing with clients who don't want treatment Alcohol and drug counselors, probation/parole officers, social workers, and other mental health professionals who work with addicted clients will find this book an invaluable aid in their work. Students preparing to enter these careers, as well as those preparing for certification as alcohol or drug abuse counselors, also need the information found here. Solutions for the "Treatment-Resistant" Addicted Client is must reading for anyone dealing with this extraordinarily difficult population.

When we learn from a patient, clinician, or medical record that a drug has been discontinued, it is logical to ask why. The drug may no longer be needed; it may not have produced the desired effect; it may have produced an adverse reaction; a better drug may be available to replace the original drug. The patient may have discontinued the drug because he or she could not see why it was necessary; or the patient may have discontinued the drug because of unpleasant side effects. A drug may not work because its absorption is reduced by physical or chemical interaction with another drug or a food component. It may also not work because the patient's metabolism is speeded up or in hibited to an extent such that the desired duration of drug action is not obtained. Such an effect may be related to a change in diet. Side effects may be related to consumption of specific foods or bev erages or to an overall change in nutritional status. Drug-food and drug-alcohol incompatibility reactions are frequent but are avoidable if a patient is warned of their possible occurrence. Drugs may also produce nutritional deficiencies, especially in a patient whose diet is marginal in those nutrients depleted by the particular drug. Careful prescribing practices together with appropriate nutrient supplements will serve to reduce the risk of these incompatibilities."

In the eighteenth century, two rival theories of organic generation existed. The ‘preformationists’ believed that all embryos had been formed by God at the Creation and encased within one another to await their future appointed time of development, while the ‘epigenesists’ argued that each embryo is newly produced through gradual development from unorganized material. The most important clash between the two schools, the debate between Albrecht von Haller (1708–77) and Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1734–94), crystallized many of the key issues of eighteenth-century biology - the role of mechanism in biological explanation, the relationship of God to His Creation, the question of spontaneous generation, the problems of regeneration, hybrids, and monstrous births. In this book, Professor Roe takes the debate beyond its observational basis and shows that at issue were not only specific embryological problems but also fundamental philosophical questions about the natural world and the way science should explain it.

Fiscal policy is critical to the development of poor countries. Whilst spending must be increased on public services, tax must remain low so as to avoid increasing poverty. This text provides a guide to current political debate on the issue, including new results on the development impact of fiscal policies.

In this study of the works of Søren Kierkegaard, Murray Rae focuses on his understanding of the Christian faith and the nature of Christian conversion. The transformation of an individual under the impact of revelation is explored both in terms of the New Testament concept of metanoia and in comparison with claims to cognitive progress in other fields.

Alongside essays on aspects of Calvin s Theology, Calvin: The Man and the Legacy includes studies of Calvin as pastor, preacher and liturgist and traces the influence of Calvin as it was conveyed through Scottish migration to Australia and New Zealand. Fascinating stories are told of the ways in which the Calvinist tradition has contributed much to the building of colonial societies, but also of the ways it has attracted ridicule and derision and has been subject to caricature that is sometimes deserved, sometimes humorous, but often grossly misleading."