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Beginning in 1970, the International Bile Acid Meeting has taken
place every two years and each time new progress in our
understanding of the complex role of bile acids in many metabolic
processes of the liver and the intestine has been revealed by a
selected group of leading scientists from all over the world.
Although originally mainly physiological data on bile acid
synthesis and transport were emphasized, and later on also the
therapeutic benefit of bile acids in gallstone disease and
cholestasis was discovered, we have come now to the molecular
biology and genetic era with major discoveries in transport defects
and related diseases. This book is the proceedings of Falk
Symposium No. 120, held in The Hague, The Netherlands, on October
12-13, 2000 - the 16th International Bile Acid Meeting. One of the
main discoveries recently has been the identification of nuclear
receptors for bile acids, which gives them a much broader
perspective than previously anticipated. It even suggests that bile
acids can regulate their biosynthesis and enterohepatic circulation
transcriptionally. It will therefore not be surprising that this
topic, together with the molecular regulation of cholesterol
7alpha-hydroxylase and cholesterol homeostasis, has a dominant
place in these proceedings. Another important topic is the progress
in our molecular understanding of hepatic (both at the basolateral
and canalicular sites), cholangiocytic and intestinal bile acid
transport processes. Further insights into genetic defects causing
cholestasis or intestinal malabsorption in animal models and in
human diseases are also discussed by a number of well-known
authors. Finally the last section deals with new findings on the
role of bile acid therapy in cholestatic syndromes or
chemoprevention and with the potential benefit of bile acid
inhibitors. All contributors provide an update on the most recent
developments in their field.
This book contains the proceedings of the XIIIth International Bile
Acid Meeting (Falk Symposium 80), an official satellite meeting of
the World Congress of Gastroenterology, held in San Diego,
California, U.S.A., September 30--October 2, 1994. It begins with
presentations of major advances in bile acid chemistry, biology and
pharmacology. The new structure proposed for the mixed micelles
present in bile is reviewed, as are the properties of new synthetic
analogues of bile acids. The mechanisms by which bile acids
interact with cell membranes are discussed in order to provide
insight into the hepatotoxic effects of bile acids in cholestatic
liver disease. The book further shows the exciting progress in the
molecular biology of bile acid transport by the hepatocyte and
enterocyte, and concludes with a consensus on the use of
ursodeoxycholic acid in cholestatic liver disease and as an adjunct
to immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation, and to
interferon therapy in chronic viral hepatitis.
During the last decade, knowledge about cholestatic liver disease
and concomitant diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, cholangio-
and hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreas and colon cancer, has
increased considerably. Studies on ursodeoxycholic acid treatment
alone or in combination with immunosuppressive compounds and their
positive effects on biliary liver disease as well as on so-called
overlap syndromes or intestinal tumors are published in increasing
numbers, and stimulate discussion on whether or not ursodeoxycholic
acid is able to improve the general condition and/or life
expectancy of patients. On the other hand, genetics, aetiological
and pathogenetic aspects are still difficult to comprehend, but are
the absolute prerequisite for the development of better treatment
options. This book is the proceedings of Falk Symposium No. 136
(Part I of the XII Falk Liver Week, held in Freiburg, Germany, on
October 15-16, 2003), and contains stimulating, exciting and
controversial papers on clinical and also basic research at the
highest scientific level.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a chronic disease of the intra-
and extrahepatic bile ducts leading to obstructions and dilatations
followed by liver cirrhosis and in some cases cholangiocarcinoma.
In 50% of cases primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with
inflammatory bowel disease. The cause of the disease is unknown and
many questions concerning the pathogenesis still remain open. In
recent years our knowledge of the natural course, the risk of
cholangiocarcinoma and the possibility of medical, endoscopic and
surgical treatment has increased. Ursodeoxycholic acid, endoscopic
treatment and liver transplantation have become standard
therapeutic procedures. This book is the proceedings of the Falk
Workshop held on October 3, 1997, in Freiburg, Germany (Part II of
the Liver Week Freiburg 1997), and covers the most important
aspects of this fascinating disease.
Since the last International Bile Acid Meeting in Stockholm in
2004, bile acid research has continued to flourish and therapeutic
use of bile acids has attained a broader role. New insights have
been gained into the mechanisms responsible for maintenance of bile
acid homeostasis, and effects of bile acids on the cell signalling
pathways have been further elucidated. Knowledge of the genetic
basis of bile acid physiology has further increased. Therapy of
chronic cholestatic liver diseases with ursodeoxycholic acid and
new aspects of its chemopreventive properties continue to stimulate
basic and clinical research and contribute to the understanding of
underlying modes of action and to optimized treatment schedules.
Chapters reflect the recent progress in bile acid metabolism and
transport, nuclear receptor regulation and signaling by bile acids,
as well as mechanisms of bile acid-induced cellular injury...
This book is the proceedings of the 18th International Bile Acid
Meeting, held as the Falk Symposium 141 in Stockholm, Sweden, on
June 18-19, 2004. The International Bile Acid Meetings have become
some of the most important meetings in the bile acid field
worldwide since Herbert Falk decided to sponsor these Symposia in
biannual sequence in 1970. The 17 International Bile Acid Meetings
in the past have been a great stimulus for new ideas and methods as
well as the development of therapeutic applications of bile acids.
They have always been a forum where basic scientists and clinicians
interact. Many novel results of bile acid research were first
presented at these meetings. The meeting in Stockholm again
attracted a large number of basic and clinical scientists
interested in bile acid and biliary research from all over the
world. Knowledge about the regulation of bile acid synthesis, bile
acid transport and enterohepatic circulation in health and in
disease has increased considerably during recent years.
Accordingly, bile acid research is alive as ever. A new chapter of
bile acid research was opened by the finding that bile acids are
ligands of nuclear receptors which regulate synthesis, metabolism
and transport of bile acids and steroids. A large part of the book
is devoted to these topics. The 18th International Bile Acid
Meeting was again a truly interdisciplinary symposium at the
highest scientific level. Its participants enjoyed hearing the
latest reports on bile acid research in the city where so many
seminal studies on bile acids were performed. It is hoped that the
readers of this book will share the enjoyment.
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