Pieter Hennipman, the leading Dutch economist of the post-war period, made many substantial contributions to economic policy, welfare economics and, latterly, the methodology and history of economic thought during a long and distinguished career.Welfare Economics and the Theory of Economic Policy brings together a key selection of Professor Hennipman's papers - many of which have not been published in English before - which express his profound analysis of the theory of economic policy and his masterful discussion of its definition, character and scope. The pioneering work featured here developed his argument that normative economic statements and economic policies can be analysed scientifically and evaluated with the use of objective criteria. Prominent among these papers are the contributions to welfare economics and Pieter Hennipman's examination of the transition from the view that welfare was exclusively dependent on production to one which saw it as a subjective phenomenon dependent upon consumption. This volume also includes his rigorous and insightful essays on the history of the theory of welfare economics. With a thorough introduction by Donald Walker, this comprehensive volume will improve access to Professor Hennipman's outstanding contributions on the nature of the theory of economic policy as well as papers which place welfare theory in relation to other sections of economic theory in a penetrating and sophisticated manner.

Volume II deals first with the contributions of some economists to the policies of specific countries, providing examples of how economic theories have been used in the formulation of practical proposals.

This collection offers a fascinating comparative analysis of two very different approaches to social policy on ageing. By analyzing the different foundations and systems established by Beveridge in Britain and Bismarck in Germany this book provides a well-constructed and truly comparative perspective on a range of key issues. Each chapter is co-authored by a leading German and a British figure in the field allowing for a unique insight into the differing policies.

A volume in Research on Sociocultural Influences on Motivation and Learning Series Editor: Dennis M. McInerney, The Hong Kong Institute of Education It is now nearly thirty years since sociocultural theories of learning created great excitement and debate amongst those concerned with learning in diverse contexts. Since that time significant advances have been made in sociocultural theory and research. Various sociocultural approaches to the understanding of learning (for example, sociocultural psychology, sociocultural discourse, cultural historical activity theory) have been developed and consolidated and new challenges are currently being addressed. In the motivational arena sociocultural approaches deriving from Vygotsky have only begun to emerge relatively recently. In this Volume we examine and evaluate the achievements of past sociocultural theory and research, and consider the future directions of sociocultural theory and research in the domains of learning and motivation.

In this book, internationally renowned scholars, including two Nobel Laureates, have been drawn together to celebrate Arnold Heertje's rich contribution to the field of economics. Their essays reflect his influence in the areas of economic theory and policy. In particular, they follow in the tradition of his work on oligopoly and price theory, welfare theory and policy, growth theory, environmental economics, technical change and the history of economic thought and methodology.The contributors offer penetrating insights into the structure and functioning of different types of market structures and the character of technical change. In addition, they address current topics such as the recent problems in East Asian economies, the money supply in the European Monetary Union and economic development. Finally, they pay tribute to Arnold Heertje's work on the history of economic thought, discussing the writings of David Ricardo, the German historical school, Herbert Robinson, Alfred Marshall and Herbert Foxwell. This book will attract economic theorists, and scholars and students who are interested in the history of economic thought or in empirical subjects such as the policy implications of studies of labour markets, property rights and European Monetary Union.

After long years of work that have seen little industrial application, high-level synthesis is finally on the verge of becoming a practical tool. The state of high-level synthesis today is similar to the state of logic synthesis ten years ago. At present, logic-synthesis tools are widely used in digital system design. In the future, high-level synthesis will play a key role in mastering design complexity and in truly exploiting the potential of ASIes and PLDs, which demand extremely short design cycles. Work on high-level synthesis began over twenty years ago. Since substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic then, problems involved, although no single universally-accepted theoretical framework has yet emerged. There is a growing number of publications devoted to high-level synthesis, specialized workshops are held regularly, and tutorials on the topic are commonly held at major conferences. This book gives an extensive survey of the research and development in high-level synthesis. In Part I, a short tutorial explains the basic concepts used in high-level synthesis, and follows an example design throughout the synthesis process. In Part II, current high-level synthesis systems are surveyed.

Recently there has been increased interest in the development of computer-aided design programs to support the system level designer of integrated circuits more actively. Such design tools hold the promise of raising the level of abstraction at which an integrated circuit is designed, thus releasing the current designers from many of the details of logic and circuit level design. The promise further suggests that a whole new group of designers in neighboring engineering and science disciplines, with far less understanding of integrated circuit design, will also be able to increase their productivity and the functionality of the systems they design. This promise has been made repeatedly as each new higher level of computer-aided design tool is introduced and has repeatedly fallen short of fulfillment. This book presents the results of research aimed at introducing yet higher levels of design tools that will inch the integrated circuit design community closer to the fulfillment of that promise. 1. 1. SYNTHESIS OF INTEGRATED CmCUITS In the integrated circuit (Ie) design process, a behavior that meets certain specifications is conceived for a system, the behavior is used to produce a design in terms of a set of structural logic elements, and these logic elements are mapped onto physical units. The design process is impacted by a set of constraints as well as technological information (i. e. the logic elements and physical units used for the design).

Although the use of fuzzy control methods has grown nearly to the level of classical control, the true understanding of fuzzy control lags seriously behind. Moreover, most engineers are well versed in either traditional control or in fuzzy control-rarely both. Each has applications for which it is better suited, but without a good understanding of both, engineers cannot make a sound determination of which technique to use for a given situation.

A First Course in Fuzzy and Neural Control is designed to build the foundation needed to make those decisions. It begins with an introduction to standard control theory, then makes a smooth transition to complex problems that require innovative fuzzy, neural, and fuzzy-neural techniques. For each method, the authors clearly answer the questions: What is this new control method? Why is it needed? How is it implemented? Real-world examples, exercises, and ideas for student projects reinforce the concepts presented.

Developed from lecture notes for a highly successful course titled The Fundamentals of Soft Computing, the text is written in the same reader-friendly style as the authors' popular A First Course in Fuzzy Logic text. A First Course in Fuzzy and Neural Control requires only a basic background in mathematics and engineering and does not overwhelm students with unnecessary material but serves to motivate them toward more advanced studies.

Creating an Award-Winning School: Outside the Box Thinking for Inside-the- School Success, is the result of collaboration between the authors and practicing and retired administrators. The book is written for new and experienced school administrators, college level instructors, and leaders in the private sector. The authors designed the Principals' Professional Pyramid to serve as the foundation for the book. Creating the Pyramid and adapting the steps from the study of Steven Covey's Principle-Centered Leadership, the authors arranged the tasks of administration into five major steps. The steps are ONESELF, OTHERS, ORGANIZATION, and OPERATIONS and OUTREACH. The authors developed these steps because they felt that a principal should begin with ONESELF before dealing successfully with OTHERS. Once organization is implemented, then the principal can deal with the continued OPERATIONS of all the school. OUTREACH into a professional network is a necessity for the success of a building leader.Embedded in the book are suggestions of Outside the Box Thinking or practical ideas to enhance the day-to-day operations of the building leader. Field techniques, forms, charts, diagrams, and reflections offered by the authors. These have been used to support the topics and enhance the content for the reader.

Creating an Award-Winning School: Outside the Box Thinking for Inside-the- School Success, is the result of collaboration between the authors and practicing and retired administrators. The book is written for new and experienced school administrators, college level instructors, and leaders in the private sector. The authors designed the Principals' Professional Pyramid to serve as the foundation for the book. Creating the Pyramid and adapting the steps from the study of Steven Covey's Principle-Centered Leadership, the authors arranged the tasks of administration into five major steps. The steps are ONESELF, OTHERS, ORGANIZATION, and OPERATIONS and OUTREACH. The authors developed these steps because they felt that a principal should begin with ONESELF before dealing successfully with OTHERS. Once organization is implemented, then the principal can deal with the continued OPERATIONS of all the school. OUTREACH into a professional network is a necessity for the success of a building leader.Embedded in the book are suggestions of Outside the Box Thinking or practical ideas to enhance the day-to-day operations of the building leader. Field techniques, forms, charts, diagrams, and reflections offered by the authors. These have been used to support the topics and enhance the content for the reader.

A First Course in Fuzzy Logic, Fourth Edition is an expanded version of the successful third edition. It provides a comprehensive introduction to the theory and applications of fuzzy logic. This popular text offers a firm mathematical basis for the calculus of fuzzy concepts necessary for designing intelligent systems and a solid background for readers to pursue further studies and real-world applications. New in the Fourth Edition: Features new results on fuzzy sets of type-2 Provides more information on copulas for modeling dependence structures Includes quantum probability for uncertainty modeling in social sciences, especially in economics With its comprehensive updates, this new edition presents all the background necessary for students, instructors and professionals to begin using fuzzy logic in its many-applications in computer science, mathematics, statistics, and engineering. About the Authors: Hung T. Nguyen is a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Economics at Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Carol L. Walker is also a Professor Emeritus at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University. Elbert A. Walker is a Professor Emeritus, Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University.

Recognising diverse groups within society is a vital part of policy research and analysis, yet few texts have drawn together the breadth of experiences of welfare provision from a diverse group of citizens. This book fills this gap, by exploring how diverse citizens’ experience welfare provision. It aims to promote debate about the importance of social divisions in society and to address the gaps in research, in relation to race, ethnicity, disability, gender and LGBTQ. It comes at a crucial time as we emerge out of a decade of austerity, a global pandemic and Brexit, where issues of diversity have been at the forefront of debates and renews the call for analysis within social policy, particularly on issues of diversity in the 21st century context.

This volume in the AAPS Advances series covers various quality, safety and clinical aspects of drug development that are relevant to new and/or generic drugs containing a complex mixture of molecules. Specific topics discussed include: raw materials sourcing; manufacturing controls; characterization; identification of critical product quality components and attributes; identification of impurities, particularly as they bear on toxicity and immunogenicity; clinical trial study design considerations, and the regulatory science applications to development of such complex mixtures. Complex mixtures are challenging to characterize and analyze using standard methods. Further challenges extend throughout the product development cycle from raw material control to clinical study design. The regulatory landscape is rapidly changing as new types of complex mixtures are introduced into clinical trials and to the market (e.g., traditional Chinese medicines and medical marijuana products), while older products are facing generic competition for the first time (e.g., enoxaparin). The future outlook for complex generic drug products, as opposed to the more commonly developed targeted single agent drug products is not clear. The risks pertaining to lack of a full understanding of raw material control, process and controls in manufacture, as well as characterization of a complex mixture were seen vividly during the heparin crisis of 2008. As such powerful lessons have been learned about the regulatory science specific to complex products. The Science and Regulations of Naturally Derived Complex Drugs addresses the interests among industry, academics, and government on the issues surrounding the future development of mixtures for medicinal use.

The American South is so identified with the Civil War that people often forget that the key battles from the final years of the American Revolution were fought in Southern states. The Southern backcountry was the center of the fight for independence, but backcountry devotion to the Patriot cause was slow in coming. Decades of animosity between coastal elites and backcountry settlers who did not enjoy accurate representation in the assemblies meant a complex political and social milieu throughout this turbulent time.

The Battles of Kings Mountain and Cowpens brings to light the world of the Southern backcountry that engendered its role in the Revolutionary War. With careful attention to political, social, and military history, Walker concentrates on the communities and events not typically covered in books on the Revolutionary War. Through government documents, autobiographies, correspondence, and diaries, The Battles of Kings Mountain and Cowpens gives students of the Revolution an important new perspective on the role of the South in the resolution of the fighting.

This groundbreaking collection showcases Jenny Cheshire's influential work in bringing greater attention to quantitative analysis of socio-grammatical variation and builds upon her contributions with new lines of inquiry pushing sociolinguistic research forward. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, the volume is structured in six parts with a particular focus on syntactic, morpho-syntactic, and discourse-pragmatic variation and change, each section turning a lens on a different aspect of socio-grammatical variation. The first sections of the volume focus on the role of structure, its relevance for sociolinguistic production and perception and the impact of social structure on formal structure. Two sections look at the interface of variationist research with other aspects of linguistic research, including generative syntax and discourse-pragmatic features. The final sections consider the importance of integrating broader external factors in socio-grammatical variation, exploring the impact of interactional pressures in the sociolinguistic environment and the role of multi-ethnic contact varieties. Taken together, this volume demonstrates the critical role of socio-grammatical variation in our understanding of language change as a holistic process.

For over a century, California has been the world's most advanced agricultural zone, an agrarian juggernaut that not only outproduces every state in America, but also most countries. California's success, however, has come at significant costs. Never a family-farm region like the Midwest, California's landscape and Mediterranean climate have been manipulated and exploited to serve modern business interests. Home to gargantuan accomplishments such as the world's largest water storage and transfer network, California also relies on an army of Mexican farm laborers who live and work under dismal conditions. In The Conquest of Bread, acclaimed historian Richard A. Walker offers a wide-angle overview of the agro-industrial system of production in California from farm to table. He lays bare the long evolution of each link in the food chain, showing how a persistent emphasis on productivity and growth allowed California to outpace agriculture elsewhere in the United States. Full of thunder and surprises, The Conquest of Bread allows the reader to weigh the claims of both boosters and critics in the debate over the most extraordinary agricultural profusion in the modern world.

Advances in General Equilibrium Theory presents a new approach to the construction of general equilibrium models. It considers the methods that should be adapted and some of the principal subjects with which general equilibrium modelling should be concerned in order to convert it into a useful body of knowledge. The book examines from new perspectives the major questions that have concerned general equilibrium theorists during this century, including the characteristics of perfect competition and the existence, uniqueness and stability of economic equilibrium. The author develops the concept of models as functioning systems, identifies the differences between models and equation systems and discusses the implications of the differences between mathematical methods and economic determinacy. He demonstrates that the treatment of perfect competition has been deeply flawed, that modern general equilibrium models are not functioning systems, that many equation systems in the literature are not supported by underlying models, and that models which would justify these equations are either improbable or inconceivable. In conclusion, Professor Walker indicates how these perspectives can be used to develop a new general equilibrium model, and presents an outline of its content. Advances in General Equilibrium Theory will be of special interest to microeconomists and those interested in economic methodology and general equilibrium modelling.