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Pieter Hennipman, the leading Dutch economist of the post-war
period, made many substantial contributions to economic policy,
welfare economics and, latterly, the methodology and history of
economic thought during a long and distinguished career.Welfare
Economics and the Theory of Economic Policy brings together a key
selection of Professor Hennipman's papers - many of which have not
been published in English before - which express his profound
analysis of the theory of economic policy and his masterful
discussion of its definition, character and scope. The pioneering
work featured here developed his argument that normative economic
statements and economic policies can be analysed scientifically and
evaluated with the use of objective criteria. Prominent among these
papers are the contributions to welfare economics and Pieter
Hennipman's examination of the transition from the view that
welfare was exclusively dependent on production to one which saw it
as a subjective phenomenon dependent upon consumption. This volume
also includes his rigorous and insightful essays on the history of
the theory of welfare economics. With a thorough introduction by
Donald Walker, this comprehensive volume will improve access to
Professor Hennipman's outstanding contributions on the nature of
the theory of economic policy as well as papers which place welfare
theory in relation to other sections of economic theory in a
penetrating and sophisticated manner.
Volume II deals first with the contributions of some economists to
the policies of specific countries, providing examples of how
economic theories have been used in the formulation of practical
proposals.
This collection offers a fascinating comparative analysis of two
very different approaches to social policy on ageing. By analyzing
the different foundations and systems established by Beveridge in
Britain and Bismarck in Germany this book provides a
well-constructed and truly comparative perspective on a range of
key issues. Each chapter is co-authored by a leading German and a
British figure in the field allowing for a unique insight into the
differing policies.
A volume in Research on Sociocultural Influences on Motivation and
Learning Series Editor: Dennis M. McInerney, The Hong Kong
Institute of Education It is now nearly thirty years since
sociocultural theories of learning created great excitement and
debate amongst those concerned with learning in diverse contexts.
Since that time significant advances have been made in
sociocultural theory and research. Various sociocultural approaches
to the understanding of learning (for example, sociocultural
psychology, sociocultural discourse, cultural historical activity
theory) have been developed and consolidated and new challenges are
currently being addressed. In the motivational arena sociocultural
approaches deriving from Vygotsky have only begun to emerge
relatively recently. In this Volume we examine and evaluate the
achievements of past sociocultural theory and research, and
consider the future directions of sociocultural theory and research
in the domains of learning and motivation.
In this book, internationally renowned scholars, including two
Nobel Laureates, have been drawn together to celebrate Arnold
Heertje's rich contribution to the field of economics. Their essays
reflect his influence in the areas of economic theory and policy.
In particular, they follow in the tradition of his work on
oligopoly and price theory, welfare theory and policy, growth
theory, environmental economics, technical change and the history
of economic thought and methodology.The contributors offer
penetrating insights into the structure and functioning of
different types of market structures and the character of technical
change. In addition, they address current topics such as the recent
problems in East Asian economies, the money supply in the European
Monetary Union and economic development. Finally, they pay tribute
to Arnold Heertje's work on the history of economic thought,
discussing the writings of David Ricardo, the German historical
school, Herbert Robinson, Alfred Marshall and Herbert Foxwell. This
book will attract economic theorists, and scholars and students who
are interested in the history of economic thought or in empirical
subjects such as the policy implications of studies of labour
markets, property rights and European Monetary Union.
After long years of work that have seen little industrial
application, high-level synthesis is finally on the verge of
becoming a practical tool. The state of high-level synthesis today
is similar to the state of logic synthesis ten years ago. At
present, logic-synthesis tools are widely used in digital system
design. In the future, high-level synthesis will play a key role in
mastering design complexity and in truly exploiting the potential
of ASIes and PLDs, which demand extremely short design cycles. Work
on high-level synthesis began over twenty years ago. Since
substantial progress has been made in understanding the basic then,
problems involved, although no single universally-accepted
theoretical framework has yet emerged. There is a growing number of
publications devoted to high-level synthesis, specialized workshops
are held regularly, and tutorials on the topic are commonly held at
major conferences. This book gives an extensive survey of the
research and development in high-level synthesis. In Part I, a
short tutorial explains the basic concepts used in high-level
synthesis, and follows an example design throughout the synthesis
process. In Part II, current high-level synthesis systems are
surveyed.
Recognising diverse groups within society is a vital part of policy
research and analysis, yet few texts have drawn together the
breadth of experiences of welfare provision from a diverse group of
citizens. This book fills this gap, by exploring how diverse
citizens’ experience welfare provision. It aims to promote debate
about the importance of social divisions in society and to address
the gaps in research, in relation to race, ethnicity, disability,
gender and LGBTQ. It comes at a crucial time as we emerge out of a
decade of austerity, a global pandemic and Brexit, where issues of
diversity have been at the forefront of debates and renews the call
for analysis within social policy, particularly on issues of
diversity in the 21st century context.
Recently there has been increased interest in the development of
computer-aided design programs to support the system level designer
of integrated circuits more actively. Such design tools hold the
promise of raising the level of abstraction at which an integrated
circuit is designed, thus releasing the current designers from many
of the details of logic and circuit level design. The promise
further suggests that a whole new group of designers in neighboring
engineering and science disciplines, with far less understanding of
integrated circuit design, will also be able to increase their
productivity and the functionality of the systems they design. This
promise has been made repeatedly as each new higher level of
computer-aided design tool is introduced and has repeatedly fallen
short of fulfillment. This book presents the results of research
aimed at introducing yet higher levels of design tools that will
inch the integrated circuit design community closer to the
fulfillment of that promise. 1. 1. SYNTHESIS OF INTEGRATED CmCUITS
In the integrated circuit (Ie) design process, a behavior that
meets certain specifications is conceived for a system, the
behavior is used to produce a design in terms of a set of
structural logic elements, and these logic elements are mapped onto
physical units. The design process is impacted by a set of
constraints as well as technological information (i. e. the logic
elements and physical units used for the design).
A First Course in Fuzzy Logic, Fourth Edition is an expanded
version of the successful third edition. It provides a
comprehensive introduction to the theory and applications of fuzzy
logic. This popular text offers a firm mathematical basis for the
calculus of fuzzy concepts necessary for designing intelligent
systems and a solid background for readers to pursue further
studies and real-world applications. New in the Fourth Edition:
Features new results on fuzzy sets of type-2 Provides more
information on copulas for modeling dependence structures Includes
quantum probability for uncertainty modeling in social sciences,
especially in economics With its comprehensive updates, this new
edition presents all the background necessary for students,
instructors and professionals to begin using fuzzy logic in its
many-applications in computer science, mathematics, statistics, and
engineering. About the Authors: Hung T. Nguyen is a Professor
Emeritus at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico
State University. He is also an Adjunct Professor of Economics at
Chiang Mai University, Thailand. Carol L. Walker is also a
Professor Emeritus at the Department of Mathematical Sciences, New
Mexico State University. Elbert A. Walker is a Professor Emeritus,
Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Mexico State University.
This volume in the AAPS Advances series covers various quality,
safety and clinical aspects of drug development that are relevant
to new and/or generic drugs containing a complex mixture of
molecules. Specific topics discussed include: raw materials
sourcing; manufacturing controls; characterization; identification
of critical product quality components and attributes;
identification of impurities, particularly as they bear on toxicity
and immunogenicity; clinical trial study design considerations, and
the regulatory science applications to development of such complex
mixtures. Complex mixtures are challenging to characterize and
analyze using standard methods. Further challenges extend
throughout the product development cycle from raw material control
to clinical study design. The regulatory landscape is rapidly
changing as new types of complex mixtures are introduced into
clinical trials and to the market (e.g., traditional Chinese
medicines and medical marijuana products), while older products are
facing generic competition for the first time (e.g., enoxaparin).
The future outlook for complex generic drug products, as opposed to
the more commonly developed targeted single agent drug products is
not clear. The risks pertaining to lack of a full understanding of
raw material control, process and controls in manufacture, as well
as characterization of a complex mixture were seen vividly during
the heparin crisis of 2008. As such powerful lessons have been
learned about the regulatory science specific to complex products.
The Science and Regulations of Naturally Derived Complex Drugs
addresses the interests among industry, academics, and government
on the issues surrounding the future development of mixtures for
medicinal use.
This groundbreaking collection showcases Jenny Cheshire's
influential work in bringing greater attention to quantitative
analysis of socio-grammatical variation and builds upon her
contributions with new lines of inquiry pushing sociolinguistic
research forward. Featuring contributions from leading experts in
the field, the volume is structured in six parts with a particular
focus on syntactic, morpho-syntactic, and discourse-pragmatic
variation and change, each section turning a lens on a different
aspect of socio-grammatical variation. The first sections of the
volume focus on the role of structure, its relevance for
sociolinguistic production and perception and the impact of social
structure on formal structure. Two sections look at the interface
of variationist research with other aspects of linguistic research,
including generative syntax and discourse-pragmatic features. The
final sections consider the importance of integrating broader
external factors in socio-grammatical variation, exploring the
impact of interactional pressures in the sociolinguistic
environment and the role of multi-ethnic contact varieties. Taken
together, this volume demonstrates the critical role of
socio-grammatical variation in our understanding of language change
as a holistic process.
The American South is so identified with the Civil War that
people often forget that the key battles from the final years of
the American Revolution were fought in Southern states. The
Southern backcountry was the center of the fight for independence,
but backcountry devotion to the Patriot cause was slow in coming.
Decades of animosity between coastal elites and backcountry
settlers who did not enjoy accurate representation in the
assemblies meant a complex political and social milieu throughout
this turbulent time.
The Battles of Kings Mountain and Cowpens brings to light the
world of the Southern backcountry that engendered its role in the
Revolutionary War. With careful attention to political, social, and
military history, Walker concentrates on the communities and events
not typically covered in books on the Revolutionary War. Through
government documents, autobiographies, correspondence, and diaries,
The Battles of Kings Mountain and Cowpens gives students of the
Revolution an important new perspective on the role of the South in
the resolution of the fighting.
Advances in General Equilibrium Theory presents a new approach to
the construction of general equilibrium models. It considers the
methods that should be adapted and some of the principal subjects
with which general equilibrium modelling should be concerned in
order to convert it into a useful body of knowledge. The book
examines from new perspectives the major questions that have
concerned general equilibrium theorists during this century,
including the characteristics of perfect competition and the
existence, uniqueness and stability of economic equilibrium. The
author develops the concept of models as functioning systems,
identifies the differences between models and equation systems and
discusses the implications of the differences between mathematical
methods and economic determinacy. He demonstrates that the
treatment of perfect competition has been deeply flawed, that
modern general equilibrium models are not functioning systems, that
many equation systems in the literature are not supported by
underlying models, and that models which would justify these
equations are either improbable or inconceivable. In conclusion,
Professor Walker indicates how these perspectives can be used to
develop a new general equilibrium model, and presents an outline of
its content. Advances in General Equilibrium Theory will be of
special interest to microeconomists and those interested in
economic methodology and general equilibrium modelling.
This textbook is the only one of its kind to introduce the study of
Canadian English in the context of basic concepts of linguistics
and sociolinguistics. The book provides foundational information on
linguistic principles and on the different branches of
sociolinguistics, ranging from the large-scale 'macro' study of
language usage (the sociology of language, dialect surveys) to the
'micro' study of language use (sociophonetics, sociolinguistic
variation and change). Each chapter highlights the different ways
of collecting and analyzing data, including census data and
historical texts, surveys and questionnaires, publically available
corpora, and interviews. Mini-projects at the end of each chapter
offer hands-on experience with the methods presented in the
chapter. In addition to discussing the classic works in the study
of Canadian English, this book engages with such contemporary
issues as new-dialect formation, language and social identity, and
ongoing language change, making it key reading for students taking
courses in the areas of Canadian English, varieties of English,
language variation, and sociolinguistics.
This textbook is the only one of its kind to introduce the study of
Canadian English in the context of basic concepts of linguistics
and sociolinguistics. The book provides foundational information on
linguistic principles and on the different branches of
sociolinguistics, ranging from the large-scale 'macro' study of
language usage (the sociology of language, dialect surveys) to the
'micro' study of language use (sociophonetics, sociolinguistic
variation and change). Each chapter highlights the different ways
of collecting and analyzing data, including census data and
historical texts, surveys and questionnaires, publically available
corpora, and interviews. Mini-projects at the end of each chapter
offer hands-on experience with the methods presented in the
chapter. In addition to discussing the classic works in the study
of Canadian English, this book engages with such contemporary
issues as new-dialect formation, language and social identity, and
ongoing language change, making it key reading for students taking
courses in the areas of Canadian English, varieties of English,
language variation, and sociolinguistics.
This second edition comes at a time of a paradigm shift in
understanding of the molecular pathology and neuroscience of brain
and spinal tumors of childhood and their mechanisms of growth
within the developing brain. Excellent collaborative translational
networks of researchers are starting to drive change in clinical
practise through the need to test many ideas in trials and
scientific initiatives. This text reflects the growing concern to
understand the impact of the tumour and its treatment upon the full
functioning of the child's developing brain and to integrate the
judgments of the risks of acquiring brain damage with the risk of
death and the consequences for the quality of life for those who
survive. Information on the principles of treatment has been
thoroughly updated. A chapter also records the extraordinary work
done by advocates. All medical and allied professionals involved in
any aspect of the clinical care of these patients will find this
book an invaluable resource.
Leon Walras (1834-1910) is one of the four or five most important
economic theorists in the history of the science. The present book
is a complete English translation of the second edition (1936) of
his Etudes d'economie sociale (1896), in which he applies economic
theory to real problems, presents the essence of his normative
economic ideas, and reveals himself to have also been a great
thinker on human nature, justice, mores, and the structure of
scientific inquiry and knowledge. The book will be of interest to
researchers and postgraduate students in the area of the history of
economics as well as those interested in Walrasian topics, such as
social justice, taxation, intellectual property, and land
ownership.
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