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One of the surprising things about the natural world is that
animals are dying around us all the time and yet we rarely see any
evidence of it. This is a testimony to the efficiency of the large
variety of organisms which decompose animal corpses. Whilst
bacteria and fungi are the main groups involved in decomposition
processes, the larger insects additionally provide an important
physical disruption of body tissues, which aids the penetration of
micro organisms and speeds the collapse of the body structure. A
human corpse is treated no differently and the same groups of
organisms are involved. From a forensic science viewpoint the
universality of the decay process provides two major advantages.
Information based on the decomposition of animals is of
considerable value when considering human cases and the
successional pattern of decay is broadly equivalent wherever the
process is being studied. Historically, the usefulness of insects
in solving crime can be traced back in the literature to the 13th
century. McKnight 1, 2] translated a Chinese text of this period
which contains an account of how a law officer dealt with a case of
murder in the rice fields. Death had been caused by a sickle and
the official ordered all the field workers to line up and lay their
sickles on the ground in front of them. Flies began to be attracted
to one of the sickles whereupon its owner confessed to the crime."
Alcohol, Drugs, and Impaired Driving addresses many theoretical and
practical issues related to the role played by alcohol and other
psychoactive drugs on driving performance, road-traffic safety, and
public health. Several key forensic issues are involved in the
enforcement of laws regulating driving under the influence of
alcohol and/or other drugs, including analytical toxicology,
pharmacology of drug action, as well as the relationships between
dose taken, concentration levels in the body, and impairment of
performance and behavior. Our knowledge of drunken driving is much
more comprehensive than drugged driving, so a large part of this
book is devoted to alcohol impairment, as well as impairment caused
by use of drugs other than alcohol. For convenience, the book is
divided into four main sections. The first section gives some
historical background about measuring alcohol in blood and breath
as evidence for the prosecution of traffic offenders. The important
role of the Breathalyzer instrument in traffic-law enforcement,
especially in Australia, Canada, and the USA is presented along
with a biographical sketch of its inventor (Professor Robert F.
Borkenstein of Indiana University) with focus on the man, his work
and his impact. The second section discusses several issues related
to forensic blood and breath-alcohol alcohol analysis as evidence
for prosecution of traffic offenders. This includes how the results
should be interpreted in relation to impairment and an evaluation
of common defense challenges. Because most countries have adopted
concentration per se laws, the main thrust of the prosecution case
is the suspect's measured blood- or breath-alcohol concentration.
This legal framework necessitates that the analytical methods used
are "fit for purpose" and are subjected to rigorous quality
assurance procedures. The third section gives a broad overview of
the current state of knowledge about driving under the influence of
non-alcohol drugs in various countries. This includes adoption of
zero-tolerance laws, concentration per se statutes, and clinical
evidence of driver impairment based on field sobriety tests and
drug recognition expert evidence. The fourth section deals with
epidemiology, enforcement, and countermeasures aimed at reducing
the threat of drunken and drugged driving. All articles have
appeared previously in the international journal Forensic Science
Review, but all are completely updated with current data,
references, and the latest research on developments since the
articles were published. This book contains a convenient collection
of the best articles covering recommendations for blood and breath
testing methods, public policy relating to such methods, and
forensic and legal implications of the enforcement of measures to
counter driving under the influence.
This unique book is a. poetic philosophic lamentation intercession
prophecy describing the underlying dynamics behind the African
peoples. The message of Anagrams is communicated using the ancient
Khemetic (Egyptian) thought forms of anagrams, puns, palindromes,
and irony. It is based on 13 traits structured in a dialectic
format - beginning with the antithesis. From there, the antithesis
of the Africans'' original state, the book describes the synthesis
condition of African people and on to the re-emergence of Africa
and Africans thesis (original) state. It is the revelation of
ancient African spirituality (Maat) and Christianity as reflected
in the Cosmic Order. It is a must read for the thinking African who
longs to know why the African slavery took place and what the
present day Destiny is of Africans everywhere. The title of the
book "Anagrams of Dialectic Antithesis" is but the anagram of its
caption "Ta Ne chi . . . Messia God''s Altar in Fiat."
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