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Long-term measurements of field strength have been performed over a
160 km path entirely over sea in the Baltic area. For short periods
the radio measurements have been combined with meteorolo- gical
measurements in order to describe the structure of the re- fractive
index field. The heigth of layers was continously deter- mined by
remote sensing techniques and their thickness and inten- sity by
airborne and balloonborne instruments. From these data, field
strengths have been calculated for scatter, reflection and duct
propagation. It will be shown that reflection propagation dominates
at the low frequency end. Whilst at higher frequencies, very sharp
layers are required for reflection propagation. At these
frequencies, high signals are generally caused by duct propagation.
1.1 Instruments and plan for the experiments. The radio
measurements were performed with the following equipment. 5000 MHz:
Transmitted power 500 kW (pulsed). Reflector antennas. Free space
field strength over the path + 15 dBm. 460 MHz: Transmitted power
10 W (CW) 8 element Yagi antennas. Free space field strength over
the path - 65 dBm. 170 MHz: Transmitted power 10, W(CW). 8 element
Yagi antennas. Free space field strength over the path - 60 dBm.
The antenna heights for the transmitters and receivers were 100 m
above sea level. The field strengths were recorded on ink recorders
and simul- taneously sampled, digitized and evaluated on line in a
minicom- puter. For the meteorological measurements, the following
equipment were used: Airborne microwave refractometer and
thermistor, flown up to 2000 m.
Long-term measurements of field strength have been performed over a
160 km path entirely over sea in the Baltic area. For short periods
the radio measurements have been combined with meteorolo- gical
measurements in order to describe the structure of the re- fractive
index field. The heigth of layers was continously deter- mined by
remote sensing techniques and their thickness and inten- sity by
airborne and balloonborne instruments. From these data, field
strengths have been calculated for scatter, reflection and duct
propagation. It will be shown that reflection propagation dominates
at the low frequency end. Whilst at higher frequencies, very sharp
layers are required for reflection propagation. At these
frequencies, high signals are generally caused by duct propagation.
1.1 Instruments and plan for the experiments. The radio
measurements were performed with the following equipment. 5000 MHz:
Transmitted power 500 kW (pulsed). Reflector antennas. Free space
field strength over the path + 15 dBm. 460 MHz: Transmitted power
10 W (CW) 8 element Yagi antennas. Free space field strength over
the path - 65 dBm. 170 MHz: Transmitted power 10, W(CW). 8 element
Yagi antennas. Free space field strength over the path - 60 dBm.
The antenna heights for the transmitters and receivers were 100 m
above sea level. The field strengths were recorded on ink recorders
and simul- taneously sampled, digitized and evaluated on line in a
minicom- puter. For the meteorological measurements, the following
equipment were used: Airborne microwave refractometer and
thermistor, flown up to 2000 m.
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