This text not only explores the breeding problems for Agaricus bisporus, the button mushroom, but approaches the subject in the context of the large range of edible mushrooms which are currently under commercial cultivation worldwide. From the background and general objectives of culture collection and breeding to the genetic systems of edible mushrooms and the molecular biological approaches to breeding, the coverage is in-depth and current. The applications of breeding programmes for specific purposes, including provision of a food source, production of high value fungal metabolites and upgrading of lignocellulosic wastes and wastewater treatment are also discussed.

This book is an outgrowth of a UNESCO regional workshop entitled Culture Collection and Breeding of Edible Mushrooms. The purpose of the workshop is to provide participants with information on the principles and techniques involved in the genetics and breeding of edible mushrooms.

Plant-availability of metals in biosolids-treated soils may be mathematically described by M t = C x 1 - e - (k x t) ] where M t (mg kg -1 ) is the cumulative metal removal from the biosolids-treated soils by growing and harvesting plants for t years, C is the total phytoavailable metal pool of the soil (mg kg -1 ) at t = 0, and k is the metal absorption rate coefficient (yr -1 ). The total available metal pool, C, is defined as metals extractable by organic acids in the rhizosphere of growing plants and k is related to the kinetics of metal release by organic acids. Half-life of the available metals in biosolids-amended soils may be derived from k. Experiments were conducted to characterize the concentration and composition of the organic acids. A successive extraction method was used to extract metals from biosolids-treated soils for determinging C and k. In this manner, the plant available metals of the bioslids-treated soils are defined by the total avialble metals, half-life, and duration of plant growing. Examples showed that the total available metals of the biosolids-amended were 18 to 39, 0.12 to 2.0, 7.4 to 13, 24 to 46, 1.2 to 2.1, and 43 to 53% of the total Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni. Pb, and Zn in the soils. This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below

The toxic properties of cadmium compounds have been well recognized in many species. There is little evidence to suggest a physiologic role for the metal. Rather, because of its long biologic half-life, cadmium acts as a cumulative poison, and even at quite low ambient concentrations, it can accumulate in mammals to values not insignificant in terms of critical toxic levels. The problem of cadmium toxicity has become especially important, as cadmium concentrations in the environment have begun to rise owing to a variety of human activities such as mining, the metallurgical industry, coal combustion, and the use of cadmium-containing fertilizers. It seemed appropriate, therefore, to assemble in one volume an up-to-date analysis of the mechanism of action of cadmium on biologic systems. Aspects of this field have repeatedly been reviewed in the past, and particular reference must be made to the volumes prepared by FRIBERG and collaborators from Sweden. Much outstanding work on cadmium has also been reported from Japan, and I am happy that investigators from both countries were able to contribute to the present volume. Obviously, this volume does not report a consensus by its contributors. The purpose of the work was to permit leading investigators in the field to present a critical review with sufficient documentation to support their interpretations and conclusions. A certain amount of overlap and disagreement between chapters was therefore unavoidable. The result, I hope, will be a useful state-of-the-art discussion.