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The study of quantum fluids in three dimensions has been an
important area for many years as it embraces Bose-Einstein
condensation, superfluidity and macroscopic quantisation. These are
fundamental aspects of physics which can be studied in liquid 4He.
In contrast, quantum fluids in two dimension is more recent and
less developed. Nevertheless it has shown many interesting
phenomena including a rich variety of phases and the
Kosterlitz-Thouless transition. Intermediate between these
dimensions are the restricted geometries of micro porous materials
into which He may be introduced. The main quantum materials
considered are 4He, 3He, D2, H2, H and electrons on the surface of
4He. The superfluid phases of 3He were excluded, e~cept for
superfluid film flow, as 3He involves a separate set of problems.
These proceedings arise from a lively Advanced Research Workshop on
Excitations in Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Quantum Fluids
held in Exeter 10-15 August 1990. Fifty scientists took part and
each provided a written contribution. Perhaps it is a testimony to
the discussions that several papers were revised by the authors
after the meeting. The order of the chapters is the same as the
presentations at the workshop. This arrangement starts with 4He in
three dimensions which establishes a base from which the two
dimensional properties can be viewed. At the end of each section
there is a report on the discussion session. These are interesting
and useful chapters as they clarify points made in the papers and
define the boundary of current understanding.
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