This title includes contents: Head, Face & Neck; Axila & Upper Limb; Thorax; Abdomen; Lower Limbs; Perineum & Pelvis; and, General.

Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent (near-UV and near-infrared (NIR)) ranges. The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of the chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, molecules undergo electronic transitions. This technique is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy, in that fluorescence deals with transitions from the excited state to the ground state, while absorption measures transitions from the ground state to the excited state.

Mass Spectrometry is a technique that determines the molecular weight (mass) and elemental composition of a compound accurately. It records relative abundance (number of different kinds of ions) and mass/charge (m/e) ratio. An advantage of Mass Spectrometry is its ability to identify the unknown compounds using only pictogram (10-12) amounts. Because ions are very reactive and short-lived, their formation and manipulation must be conducted in a vacuum. Atmospheric pressure is around 760 torr (mm of mercury). The pressure under which ions may be handled is roughly 10-5 to 10-8 torr (less than a billionth of an atmosphere).

The eco-friendly solvent-free approach using microwave irradiation opens numerous possibilities for conducting rapid heterocyclic synthesis, via cycloaddition and cyclocondensation reactions, using a variety of supported reagents on mineral oxides and phase transfer catalysis conditions. The absence of solvent reduces considerably the reaction time and generally improves the yields. Due to the wide range of applications of microwaves, this method of synthesis has been selected. Pyrazolines are also known to possess antioxidant property wherein they scavenge free radicals which are one of the causes for cell damage leading to several diseases. It was our interest to synthesize the pyrazoline derivatives and evaluate them for their antioxidant activity.

Liver is the main organ responsible for drug metabolism and appears to be sensitive target site for substances modulating biotransformation. Despite of tremendous advances in modern medicine, hepatic disease remains a worldwide health problem. The Indian subcontinent has a glorious tradition of usage of medicinal preparations from natural herbs. Leucas Cephalotes (Roth) Spreng (Family: Labiatae or Lamiaceae) rainy season weed, traditionally used in liver disorder according to ayurveda. However, the hepatoprotective potential of plant has never been reported. Owing to the lacunae of scientific information, this study was designed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of crude methanolic extract of whole plant of L. cephalotes. The results of biochemical parameters and antioxidant parameters suggested that the treatment with L. cephalotes methanolic extract enhance the recovery from CCl4 induced hepatic damaged due to its antioxidant and hepatoprotective property. This finding would be useful for students and researcher to find out active principle responsible for hepatoprotective potential.

The reason of inclination of the researchers towards the herbal system for the treatment of many ailments is the high cost involved with manufacturing the modern medicines. This research work has also been designed on the same philosophy by selecting the most widely used edible herbs for development of herbal formulations. All the three herbs; Lagenaria siceraria, Trichosanthus dioica and Abelmoschus esculentus were phyto-pharmacologically screened and on the basis of the outcome polyherbal conventional topical formulations were developed for the treatment of inflammation. The researcher had also developed the transdermal polyherbal drug delivery system, a novel approach to deliver phyto-constituents to the system thorough dermis avoiding many drawbacks of the oral delivery systems and registering better patient compliance. I believe this comprehensive textbook will be of use and great value to the students, academicians, researchers and herbal drug industry.