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It is now well known that the mid-ocean flow is almost everywhere
domi nated by so-called synoptic or meso-scale eddies, rotating
about nearly vertical axes and extending throughout the water
column. A typical mid ocean horizontal scale is 100 km and a time
scale is 100 days: these meso scale eddies have swirl speeds of
order 10 cm s -1 which are usually con siderably greater than the
long-term average flow. Many types of eddies with somewhat
different scales and characteristics have been identified. The
existence of such eddies was suspected by navigators more than a
century ago and confirmed by the world of C. O'D. Iselin and V. B.
Stock man in the 1930's. Measurements from RIV Aries in 1959/60,
using the then newly developed neutrally buoyant floats, indicated
the main char acteristics of the eddies in the deep ocean of the NW
Atlantic while a se ries of Soviet moored current-meter arrays
culminated, in POLYGON- 1970, in the explicit mapping of an
energetic anticyclonic eddy in the tropical NE Atlantic. In 1973 a
large collaborative (mainly U. S., U. K. ) program, MODE-I,
produced synoptic charts for an area of the NW At lantic and
confirmed the existence of an open ocean eddy field and es
tablished its characteristics. Meso-scale eddies are now known to
be of interest and importance to marine chemists and biologists as
well as to physical oceanographers and meteorologists."
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