This volume of the Encyclopaedia is a survey of stochastic calculus, an increasingly important part of probability, authored by well-known experts in the field. The book addresses graduate students and researchers in probability theory and mathematical statistics, as well as physicists and engineers who need to apply stochastic methods.

This book is mainly based on the Cramir--Chernoff renowned theorem, which deals with the 'rough' logarithmic asymptotics of the distribution of sums of independent, identically distributed random variables. The authors approach primarily the extensions of this theory to dependent, and in particular, nonmarkovian cases on function spaces. Recurrent algorithms of identification and adaptive control form the main examples behind the large deviation problems in this volume. The first part of the book exploits some ideas and concepts of the martingale approach, especially the concept of the stochastic exponential. The second part of the book covers Freindlin's approach, based on the Frobenius-type theorems for positive operators, which prove to be effective for the cases in consideration.

This volume of the Encyclopaedia is a survey of stochastic calculus, an increasingly important part of probability, authored by well-known experts in the field. The book addresses graduate students and researchers in probability theory and mathematical statistics, as well as physicists and engineers who need to apply stochastic methods.