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Industrial development is essential to improvement of the standard
of living in all countries. People's health and the environment can
be affected, directly or indirectly by routine waste discharges or
by accidents. A series of recent major industrial accidents and the
effect of pollution highlighted, once again, the need for better
management of routine and accidental risks. Moreover, the existence
of natural hazards complicate even more the situation in any given
region. In the past effort to cope with these risks, if made at
all, have been largely on a plant by plant basis; some plants are
well equipped to manage environmental and health hazards, while
others are not. Managing the hazards of modern technological
systems has become a key activity in highly industrialised
countries. Decision makers are often confronted with complex issues
concerning economic and social development, industrialisation and
associated infrastructure needs, population and land use planning.
Such issues have to be addressed in such a way that ensures that
public health will not be disrupted or substantially degraded. Due
to the increasing complexity of technological systems and the
higher geographical density of punctual hazard sources, new
methodologies and a novel approach to these problems are
challenging risk managers and regional planers. Risks from these
new complex technological systems are inherently different form
those addressed by the risk managers for decades ago.
Introduction This book includes terms of reference and offers an
augmented volume of relevant work initiated within the
comprehensive concept of "Knowledge Management and Risk
Governance." The latter stood for the initial title of an ad-hoc
meeting held in Ascona, Switzerland, organized by the Technological
Risk Management Unit of the Joint Research Centre of the European
Commission (JRC) and the KOVERS Centre of Excellence in Risk and
Safety Sciences of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH
Zurich. Background Risk governance, in addition to the continuous
interest of researchers, has recently attracted the attention of
policy-makers and the media and the concern of the public. New and
emerging risks in various fields and a number of risk-related
issues increased the public interest and prompted for a new
framework in dealing with risks. The Conference on Science and
Governance organized by the European Commission in October 2000 is
one of the international forums addressing this issue. Other recent
events such as the establishment of the International Risk
Governance Council outline the importance of the governance concept
in relation to that of risk management (see www.irgc.org). At the
same time noticeable progress has been made in Information
Technologies and Decision Support, passing from the process of
information PREFACE xvi to the process of knowledge. In this
context new tools and methods became available, whose application
in risk management may be beneficial.
'Et moi *...* si j'avait su comment en revenir. One service
mathematics has rendered the je n'y serais point aile: human race.
It has put common sense back where it belongs. on the topmost shelf
next Jules Verne (0 the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non-
sense'. The series is divergent; therefore we may be able to do
something with it. Eric T. Bell O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool
for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback
and non- linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of
mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences.
Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above
one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered
mathematical physics ...'; 'One service logic has rendered com-
puter science ...'; 'One service category theory has rendered
mathematics ...'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable
this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.
This volume highlights the main procedures for assessing the
regional risks resulting from dangerous goods storage, and
transportation by means of different systems (i.e., road, rail,
ship, and pipeline). The information in the book is based on a wide
range of references and studies. The main procedural steps involved
in quantitative risk analysis for transportation systems are
supported by relevant methods of risk assessment, as recognized at
an international level. The book gives an overview of the criteria
and guidelines applicable to the implementation of risk assessments
and management at different stages. Chapter 1 describes the
environmental and safety factors to consider when performing a
transportation risk analysis for a region. Chapter 2 presents risk
definitions and the methodology for analyzing transportation risks
in a complex area. Chapter 3 presents general information about
truck accidents and their consequences, and reviews the risk
presented by road tunnels. Chapter 4 deals with transportation of
hazardous materials by rail. Chapter 5 is concerned with the
assessment of transportation risks on water ways. Chapter 6
furnishes a description of the transport pipelines for natural gas
and petroleum products and describes the situation in Switzerland.
Chapter 7 presents a compilation of statistical data related to
accidents and the movement of dangerous goods. Chapter 8 is devoted
to the description of data bases and computer support for risk
assessment. Chapter 9 deals with integrated approaches for regional
risk assessment and safety management with special emphasis to the
transportation of hazardous materials. Chapter 10 presents several
relevant case studies andmiscellaneous information.
Over recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the
risks of locating hazardous industries near heavily populated,
environmentally sensitive areas. This new awareness demands a novel
approach to safety planning for hazardous industries; one that
looks at the problem from the point of view of integrated regional
risk assessment which, besides the risks arising from natural
events, should also include the risks arising from the processing
plants, storage and the transportation of dangerous goods. Volume I
of Integrated Regional Risk Assessment highlights the main
procedures for the assessment of risks to health and environmental
impacts from continuous emissions of pollutants into air, water and
soil under normal operating conditions. Volume II deals with the
assessment of consequences of accidental releases, helping to
answer such questions as: What can go wrong? What are the effects
and consequences? How often will it happen? GBP/LISTGBP The main
procedural steps are supported by relevant, internationally
recognised methods of risk assessment. The book also reviews
criteria and guidelines for the implementation of risk assessment
and management at different stages. Audience: Students, engineers,
and scientists in charge of developing new methodologies for hazard
analysis and risk assessment; practitioners of environmental
protection; local and governmental authorities charged with
implementing environmental risk impact procedures and guidelines.
Over recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the
risks of locating hazardous industries near heavily populated,
environmentally sensitive areas. This new awareness demands a novel
approach to safety planning for hazardous industries; one that
looks at the problem from the point of view of integrated regional
risk assessment which, besides the risks arising from natural
events, should also include the risks arising from the processing
plants, storage and the transportation of dangerous goods. Volume I
of Integrated Regional Risk Assessment highlights the main
procedures for the assessment of risks to health and environmental
impacts from continuous emissions of pollutants into air, water and
soil under normal operating conditions. Volume II deals with the
assessment of consequences of accidental releases, helping to
answer such questions as: What can go wrong? What are the effects
and consequences? How often will it happen? A/LISTA The main
procedural steps are supported by relevant, internationally
recognised methods of risk assessment. The book also reviews
criteria and guidelines for the implementation of risk assessment
and management at different stages. Audience: Students, engineers,
and scientists in charge of developing new methodologies for hazard
analysis and risk assessment; practitioners of environmental
protection; local and governmental authorities charged with
implementing environmental risk impact procedures and guidelines.
Europe witnessed in the last years a number of significant power
contingencies. Some of them revealed the potentiality of vast
impact on the welfare of society and triggered pressing questions
on the reliability of electric power systems. Society has
incorporated electricity as an inherent component, indispensable
for achieving the expected level of quality of life. Therefore, any
impingement on the continuity of the electricity service would be
able to distress society as a whole, affecting individuals, social
and economic activities, other infrastructures and essential
government functions. It would be possible to hypothesize that in
extreme situations this could even upset national security. This
book explores the potential risks and vulnerabilities of the
European electricity infrastructure, other infrastructures and our
society as whole increasingly depend on. The work was initiated by
the need to verify the potential effects of the ongoing market and
technical transformation of the infrastructure, which is
fundamentally changing its operation and performance. The final aim
is to set the basis for an appropriate industrial and political
European-wide response to the risk challenges.
Industrial development is essential to improvement of the standard
of living in all countries. In a given region, old and new plants,
processes, and technologies have to coexist. Technological
penetration and substitution processes are generally taking place;
they are entirely dynamic and this trend is going to stay like
this. People's health and the environment can be affected, directly
or indirectly by routine waste discharges or by accidents. A series
of recent major industrial accidents and the effect of pollution
highlighted, once again, the need for better management of routine
and accidental risks. Moreover, the existence of natural hazards
complicate even more the situation in any given region. In the past
effort to cope with these risks, if made at all, have been largely
on a plant by plant basis; some plants are well equipped to manage
environmental hazards while others are not. Managing the hazards of
modern technological systems has become a key activity in highly
industrialized countries. Decision makers are often confronted with
complex issues concerning economic and social development,
industrialization and associated infrastructure needs, population
and land use planning. Such issues have to be addressed in such a
way that ensures that public health will not be disrupted or
substantially degraded.
Industrial development is essential to improvement of the standard
of living in all countries. People's health and the environment can
be affected, directly or indirectly by routine waste discharges or
by accidents. A series of recent major industrial accidents and the
effect of pollution highlighted, once again, the need for better
management of routine and accidental risks. Moreover, the existence
of natural hazards complicate even more the situation in any given
region. In the past effort to cope with these risks, if made at
all, have been largely on a plant by plant basis; some plants are
well equipped to manage environmental and health hazards, while
others are not. Managing the hazards of modern technological
systems has become a key activity in highly industrialised
countries. Decision makers are often confronted with complex issues
concerning economic and social development, industrialisation and
associated infrastructure needs, population and land use planning.
Such issues have to be addressed in such a way that ensures that
public health will not be disrupted or substantially degraded. Due
to the increasing complexity of technological systems and the
higher geographical density of punctual hazard sources, new
methodologies and a novel approach to these problems are
challenging risk managers and regional planers. Risks from these
new complex technological systems are inherently different form
those addressed by the risk managers for decades ago.
'Et moi *...* si j'avait su comment en revenir. One service
mathematics has rendered the je n'y serais point aile: human race.
It has put common sense back where it belongs. on the topmost shelf
next Jules Verne (0 the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non-
sense'. The series is divergent; therefore we may be able to do
something with it. Eric T. Bell O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool
for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback
and non- linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of
mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences.
Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above
one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered
mathematical physics ...'; 'One service logic has rendered com-
puter science ...'; 'One service category theory has rendered
mathematics ...'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable
this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.
Introduction This book includes terms of reference and offers an
augmented volume of relevant work initiated within the
comprehensive concept of "Knowledge Management and Risk
Governance." The latter stood for the initial title of an ad-hoc
meeting held in Ascona, Switzerland, organized by the Technological
Risk Management Unit of the Joint Research Centre of the European
Commission (JRC) and the KOVERS Centre of Excellence in Risk and
Safety Sciences of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH
Zurich. Background Risk governance, in addition to the continuous
interest of researchers, has recently attracted the attention of
policy-makers and the media and the concern of the public. New and
emerging risks in various fields and a number of risk-related
issues increased the public interest and prompted for a new
framework in dealing with risks. The Conference on Science and
Governance organized by the European Commission in October 2000 is
one of the international forums addressing this issue. Other recent
events such as the establishment of the International Risk
Governance Council outline the importance of the governance concept
in relation to that of risk management (see www.irgc.org). At the
same time noticeable progress has been made in Information
Technologies and Decision Support, passing from the process of
information PREFACE xvi to the process of knowledge. In this
context new tools and methods became available, whose application
in risk management may be beneficial.
Industrial development is essential to improvement of the standard
of living in all coun tries. In a given region, old and new plants,
processes, and technologies have to coexist Technological
penetration and substitution processes are generally taking place;
they are entirely dynamic and this trend is going to stay like
this. People's health and the environment can be affected, directly
or indirectly, by rou tine waste discharges or by accidents. A
series of recent major industrial accidents and the effect of
poUution highlighted, once again, the need for better management of
rou tine and accidental risks. Moreover, the existence of natural
hazards complicate even more the situation in any given region.
Managing the hazards of modern technological systems has become a
key activity in highly industrialized countries. Decision makers
are often confronted with complex issues concerning economic and
social development, industrialization and associated infrastructure
needs, population and land use planning. Such issues have to be ad
dressed in such a way that ensures that public health wiD not be
disrupted or substan tially degraded."
Over recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the
risks of locating hazardous industries near heavily populated,
environmentally sensitive areas. This new awareness demands a novel
approach to safety planning for hazardous industries; one that
looks at the problem from the point of view of integrated regional
risk assessment which, besides the risks arising from natural
events, should also include the risks arising from the processing
plants, storage and the transportation of dangerous goods. Volume I
of Integrated Regional Risk Assessment highlights the main
procedures for the assessment of risks to health and environmental
impacts from continuous emissions of pollutants into air, water and
soil under normal operating conditions. Volume II deals with the
assessment of consequences of accidental releases, helping to
answer such questions as: What can go wrong? What are the effects
and consequences? How often will it happen? GBP/LISTGBP The main
procedural steps are supported by relevant, internationally
recognised methods of risk assessment. The book also reviews
criteria and guidelines for the implementation of risk assessment
and management at different stages. Audience: Students, engineers,
and scientists in charge of developing new methodologies for hazard
analysis and risk assessment; practitioners of environmental
protection; local and governmental authorities charged with
implementing environmental risk impact procedures and guidelines.
Over recent years there has been an increasing awareness of the
risks of locating hazardous industries near heavily populated,
environmentally sensitive areas. This new awareness demands a novel
approach to safety planning for hazardous industries; one that
looks at the problem from the point of view of integrated regional
risk assessment which, besides the risks arising from natural
events, should also include the risks arising from the processing
plants, storage and the transportation of dangerous goods. Volume I
of Integrated Regional Risk Assessment highlights the main
procedures for the assessment of risks to health and environmental
impacts from continuous emissions of pollutants into air, water and
soil under normal operating conditions. Volume II deals with the
assessment of consequences of accidental releases, helping to
answer such questions as: What can go wrong? What are the effects
and consequences? How often will it happen? GBP/LISTGBP The main
procedural steps are supported by relevant, internationally
recognised methods of risk assessment. The book also reviews
criteria and guidelines for the implementation of risk assessment
and management at different stages. Audience: Students, engineers,
and scientists in charge of developing new methodologies for hazard
analysis and risk assessment; practitioners of environmental
protection; local and governmental authorities charged with
implementing environmental risk impact procedures and guidelines.
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