Teachers not only serve as caretakers for the students in their classroom but also serve as stewards for society's next generation. In this way, teachers are charged with responsibility for the present and the future of their world. Shouldering this responsibility is no less than an existential dilemma that requires not only professional solutions but also personal responsibility rooted in subjective authenticity. In the edited volume, authors will explore how the philosophy of Existentialism can help teachers, teacher educators, educational researchers, and policymakers better understand the existential responsibility that teachers shoulder. The core concepts of Existential philosophy explored in this edited volume imply that a teacher's lived experience cannot be defined solely by professional knowledge or dictates. Teachers have the capacity to create subjective meaning through their own agency, and there is no guarantee that those subjective meanings will accord with professional dictates. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that professional dictates are more valid than the existential realities of individual teachers. The philosophy of Existentialism encourages individuals to reflect on the existential realities of isolation, freedom, meaninglessness, and death in an effort to propel individuals towards more authentic ways of engaging in the world. The chapters of this edited volume advance the argument that being and becoming a teacher must be understood - at least in part - from the subjective perspective of the individual and that teachers are responsible for authoring the meaning of their lives and of their work.

The Routledge Handbook of Moral Epistemology brings together philosophers, cognitive scientists, developmental and evolutionary psychologists, animal ethologists, intellectual historians, and educators to provide the most comprehensive analysis of the prospects for moral knowledge ever assembled in print. The book's thirty chapters feature leading experts describing the nature of moral thought, its evolution, childhood development, and neurological realization. Various forms of moral skepticism are addressed along with the historical development of ideals of moral knowledge and their role in law, education, legal policy, and other areas of social life. Highlights include: * Analyses of moral cognition and moral learning by leading cognitive scientists * Accounts of the normative practices of animals by expert animal ethologists * An overview of the evolution of cooperation by preeminent evolutionary psychologists * Sophisticated treatments of moral skepticism, relativism, moral uncertainty, and know-how by renowned philosophers * Scholarly accounts of the development of Western moral thinking by eminent intellectual historians * Careful analyses of the role played by conceptions of moral knowledge in political liberation movements, religious institutions, criminal law, secondary education, and professional codes of ethics articulated by cutting-edge social and moral philosophers.

How do we know right from wrong? Do we even have moral knowledge? Moral epistemology studies these and related questions about our understanding of virtue and vice. It is one of philosophy's perennial problems, reaching back to Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Locke, Hume and Kant, and has recently been the subject of intense debate as a result of findings in developmental and social psychology.

In this outstanding introduction to the subject Aaron Zimmerman covers the following key topics:

• What is moral epistemology? What are its methods? Including a discussion of Socrates, Gettier and contemporary theories of knowledge
• skepticism about moral knowledge based on the anthropological record of deep and persistent moral disagreement, including contextualism
• moral nihilism, including debates concerning God and morality and the relation between moral knowledge and our motives and reasons to act morally
• epistemic moral scepticism, intuitionism and the possibility of inferring ?ought? from ?is, ? discussing the views of Locke, Hume, Kant, Ross, Audi, Thomson, Harman, Sturgeon and many others
• how children acquire moral concepts and become more reliable judges
• criticisms of those who would reduce moral knowledge to value-neutral knowledge or attempt to replace moral belief with emotion.

Throughout the book Zimmerman argues that our belief in moral knowledge can survive sceptical challenges. He also draws on a rich range of examples from Plato's Meno and Dickens? David Copperfield to Bernard Madoff and Saddam Hussein.

Including chapter summaries and annotated further reading at the end of each chapter, Moral Epistemology is essential reading for all students of ethics, epistemology and moral psychology.

How do we know right from wrong? Do we even have moral knowledge? Moral epistemology studies these and related questions about our understanding of virtue and vice. It is one of philosophy s perennial problems, reaching back to Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Locke, Hume and Kant, and has recently been the subject of intense debate as a result of findings in developmental and social psychology.

In this outstanding introduction to the subject Aaron Zimmerman covers the following key topics:

• What is moral epistemology? What are its methods? Including a discussion of Socrates, Gettier and contemporary theories of knowledge
• skepticism about moral knowledge based on the anthropological record of deep and persistent moral disagreement, including contextualism
• moral nihilism, including debates concerning God and morality and the relation between moral knowledge and our motives and reasons to act morally
• epistemic moral scepticism, intuitionism and the possibility of inferring ought from is, discussing the views of Locke, Hume, Kant, Ross, Audi, Thomson, Harman, Sturgeon and many others
• how children acquire moral concepts and become more reliable judges
• criticisms of those who would reduce moral knowledge to value-neutral knowledge or attempt to replace moral belief with emotion.

Throughout the book Zimmerman argues that our belief in moral knowledge can survive sceptical challenges. He also draws on a rich range of examples from Plato s Meno and Dickens David Copperfield to Bernard Madoff and Saddam Hussein.

Including chapter summaries and annotated further reading at the end of each chapter, Moral Epistemology is essential reading for all students of ethics, epistemology and moral psychology."

The Routledge Handbook of Moral Epistemology brings together philosophers, cognitive scientists, developmental and evolutionary psychologists, animal ethologists, intellectual historians, and educators to provide the most comprehensive analysis of the prospects for moral knowledge ever assembled in print. The book's thirty chapters feature leading experts describing the nature of moral thought, its evolution, childhood development, and neurological realization. Various forms of moral skepticism are addressed along with the historical development of ideals of moral knowledge and their role in law, education, legal policy, and other areas of social life. Highlights include: * Analyses of moral cognition and moral learning by leading cognitive scientists * Accounts of the normative practices of animals by expert animal ethologists * An overview of the evolution of cooperation by preeminent evolutionary psychologists * Sophisticated treatments of moral skepticism, relativism, moral uncertainty, and know-how by renowned philosophers * Scholarly accounts of the development of Western moral thinking by eminent intellectual historians * Careful analyses of the role played by conceptions of moral knowledge in political liberation movements, religious institutions, criminal law, secondary education, and professional codes of ethics articulated by cutting-edge social and moral philosophers.

As new laser technology continues to emerge in the eye care field, there is a need for an up-to-date, comprehensive resource for eye care providers who are learning or currently performing these laser procedures. Edited by Lars Freisberg, Nate Lighthizer, Leonid Skorin, Jr., Karl Stonecipher, and Aaron Zimmerman, The Ophthalmic Laser Handbook is a practical, clinical guide that covers everything from indications and procedural techniques to contraindications and potential adverse events. This all-in-one reference, including over 45 videos of laser procedures in the e-version, is designed for all eye care providers-from those performing the procedures to those co-managing pre- and post-operative visits. , Reviews all current lasers used across all regions of the eye. Features complete coverage of each procedure, including background, indications, contraindications, informed consent, pre- and post-operative considerations, complications, efficacy, billing/coding, and more. Presents bulleted lists of key information in every chapter for quick reference. Includes videos of all major laser procedures being performed by the author team of renowned ophthalmologists and optometrists. Provides a portable, easy-to-use resource for everyday clinical use and for the professional development of students, residents, and practitioners. , Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech. ,

A medida que la nueva tecnologia laser evoluciona y revoluciona la atencion oftalmologica, se hace necesaria la existencia de una referencia actualizada y completa enfocada al entrenamiento o actualizacion del medico residente o especialista cuya practica incluye este tipo de procedimientos. Editado por Lars Freisberg, Nate Lighthizer, Leonid Skorin Jr., Karl Stonecipher y Aaron B. Zimmerman, Manual de laser en oftalmologia fue creado para proporcionar informacion clinica concisa y relevante sobre la tecnologia laser en un formato consistente y facil de usar. La mayoria de los capitulos contienen indicaciones clave especificas, contraindicaciones, consideraciones preoperatorias, puntos de procedimiento y consideraciones posoperatorias. Como informacion adicional, se incluyen varios capitulos no relacionados con el laser, como el entrecruzamiento corneal y la terapia de luz pulsada intensa. Aunque estas tecnicas se basan en dispositivos que no son laseres por definicion, la radiacion electromagnetica se utiliza para manipular terapeuticamente los tejidos y estos temas encajan de manera perfecta en el esquema general de este manual.

Teachers not only serve as caretakers for the students in their classroom but also serve as stewards for society's next generation. In this way, teachers are charged with responsibility for the present and the future of their world. Shouldering this responsibility is no less than an existential dilemma that requires not only professional solutions but also personal responsibility rooted in subjective authenticity. In the edited volume, authors will explore how the philosophy of Existentialism can help teachers, teacher educators, educational researchers, and policymakers better understand the existential responsibility that teachers shoulder. The core concepts of Existential philosophy explored in this edited volume imply that a teacher's lived experience cannot be defined solely by professional knowledge or dictates. Teachers have the capacity to create subjective meaning through their own agency, and there is no guarantee that those subjective meanings will accord with professional dictates. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that professional dictates are more valid than the existential realities of individual teachers. The philosophy of Existentialism encourages individuals to reflect on the existential realities of isolation, freedom, meaninglessness, and death in an effort to propel individuals towards more authentic ways of engaging in the world. The chapters of this edited volume advance the argument that being and becoming a teacher must be understood - at least in part - from the subjective perspective of the individual and that teachers are responsible for authoring the meaning of their lives and of their work.