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Significant vulnerability of water systems to drought is a common
issue of water resources management in Mediterranean regions. This
is due both to the increasing occurrence and severity of drought
events and to the growing demand for municipal, tourist, and
agricultural uses. The INCO-DC project entitled "A Decision Support
System for Mitigation of Drought Impacts in the Mediterranean
Regions" (DSS DROUGHT) addresses this issue, contributing to an
improved management of water supply systems for irrigation, which
represents the most consumptive sector of water resources uses in
the Mediterranean region. In order to develop a comprehensive
approach toward improved operation of irrigation systems under
drought conditions, the project was developed around the following
five main, strictly interconnected tasks: Identification of drought
characteristics at a site and over a region Modelling irrigation
management under conditions of water scarcity Modelling operation
of water supply systems under drought conditions Integration of the
developed methodologies within a Decision Support System software
package Definition of requisites for Drought Watch Systems The
research resulted in an advancement of knowledge through in-depth
analysis of innovative methodologies, the development of tools to
help decision-makers in coping with droughts through the
implementation of the developed procedures in software packages,
and the application of these tools to the case-studies identified
by partners in their countries."
The increasing risk of severe droughts and water shortages
emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to drought
mitigation. However, effective tools for the implementation of such
an approach have not been available till now. This book contributes
to an improved preparedness for drought in water supply systems,
providing tools useful for a better decision making process in
drought management. It presents methods and software features of a
Decision Support System (DSS) developed within a European research
project and consists of three main parts. The first part deals with
the advanced techniques for hydrological drought identification and
monitoring; the second analyses the successful use of
climate-crop-soil models in defining deficit irrigation strategies;
the third provides tools for improving the operation of irrigation
supply reservoirs. All methods are embedded in a user-friendly DSS
package that has been applied in several Case Studies of
Mediterranean countries (Portugal, Italy, Tunisia, Jordan and
Syria) and whose results are also compared.
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