This book describes the trends, challenges and solutions in computing use for scientific research and development within different domains in Africa, such as health, agriculture, environment, economy, energy, education and engineering. The benefits expected are discussed by a number of recognized, domain-specific experts, with a common theme being computing as solution enabler. This book is the first document providing such a representative up-to-date view on this topic at the continent level.

I am very pleased to play even a small part in the publication of this book on the SIGNAL language and its environment POLYCHRONY. I am sure it will be a s- ni?cant milestone in the development of the SIGNAL language, of synchronous computing in general, and of the data?ow approach to computation. In data?ow, the computation takes place in a producer-consumer network of - dependent processing stations. Data travels in streams and is transformed as these streams pass through the processing stations (often called ?lters). Data?ow is an attractive model for many reasons, not least because it corresponds to the way p- duction,transportation,andcommunicationare typicallyorganizedin the real world (outside cyberspace). I myself stumbled into data?ow almost against my will. In the mid-1970s, Ed Ashcroft and I set out to design a "super" structured programming language that, we hoped, would radically simplify proving assertions about programs. In the end, we decided that it had to be declarative. However, we also were determined that iterative algorithms could be expressed directly, without circumlocutions such as the use of a tail-recursive function. The language that resulted, which we named LUCID, was much less traditional then we would have liked. LUCID statements are equations in a kind of executable temporallogic thatspecifythe (time)sequencesof variablesinvolvedin aniteration.

This book describes the trends, challenges and solutions in computing use for scientific research and development within different domains in Africa, such as health, agriculture, environment, economy, energy, education and engineering. The benefits expected are discussed by a number of recognized, domain-specific experts, with a common theme being computing as solution enabler. This book is the first document providing such a representative up-to-date view on this topic at the continent level.

I am very pleased to play even a small part in the publication of this book on the SIGNAL language and its environment POLYCHRONY. I am sure it will be a s- ni?cant milestone in the development of the SIGNAL language, of synchronous computing in general, and of the data?ow approach to computation. In data?ow, the computation takes place in a producer-consumer network of - dependent processing stations. Data travels in streams and is transformed as these streams pass through the processing stations (often called ?lters). Data?ow is an attractive model for many reasons, not least because it corresponds to the way p- duction, transportation, andcommunicationare typicallyorganizedin the real world (outside cyberspace). I myself stumbled into data?ow almost against my will. In the mid-1970s, Ed Ashcroft and I set out to design a "super" structured programming language that, we hoped, would radically simplify proving assertions about programs. In the end, we decided that it had to be declarative. However, we also were determined that iterative algorithms could be expressed directly, without circumlocutions such as the use of a tail-recursive function. The language that resulted, which we named LUCID, was much less traditional then we would have liked. LUCID statements are equations in a kind of executable temporallogic thatspecifythe (time)sequencesof variablesinvolvedin aniteration.