Indole Alkaloids: Spirooxindole details the multistep synthesis of natural products using schematic diagrams, providing a quick-and-easy way to review and understand new and novel synthetic strategies to construct structural frameworks of natural products. As a volume in the Visual Guides to Natural Product Synthesis series, this book presents the schematic total syntheses of natural products containing a "spirooxindole" core structure. It covers spirooxindole molecules through visual diagrams, highlighting key steps involved in total, formal and semi-syntheses. Sections cover Brevianamide A and B, Citrinadin A and B, Coerulescine and Horsfiline, Elacomine and Isoelacomine, Gelsemine, Paraherquamide A and B, Rynchophylline, Isorynchophylline, and more. Visual layouts provide quick-and- easy access to developed synthetic routes towards the targeted spirooxindoles.

a-Tertiary Amines en Route to Natural Products presents the multistep synthesis of natural products using schematic diagrams. This approach provides a quick-and-easy way to review and understand new and novel synthetic strategies to construct structural frameworks of natural products. The book covers the class of natural products bearing the a,a-disubstituted a-amino acid motif. Featured natural product molecules include Altemicidin, Amathaspiramide (A-F), Kaitocephalin, Lactacystin, Salinosporamide, Manzacidins (A,C), Neooxazolomycin, Sphingofungins (E,F), (1S,3R)-1-Aminocyclopentane-1,3-diarboxylic Acid (ACPD), Total synthesis of cephalotaxine and related molecules, a-amino acids based natural products, a amino acid based natural products and Tetrodotoxin. This book is ideal for chemists working in the area of organic synthesis, especially those who are involved in the development of new, efficient and novel methodologies for natural product synthesis.

The residents of our beautiful planet, oftentimes say no one is above the law. It is indeed easy to say and believe such a simple statement, especially if one is not aware that the the five permanent welding "veto" powers are the largest firearms exporters on the planet for example. Some countries have been sanctioned by those who claim to have championed humanitarianism. These sanctions have created hardship on the innocents instead of those aimed at. However, the sanctions remain in place. Furthermore, with the so called humanitarian, having possession and keeping people in facilities like Guantanamo Bay, who will now rescue the helpless? If the judge has changed into a tyrant then, who judges the judge? Find out

The book describes the molecular genetics research on families with a variety of inherited eye disorders from Pakistan. Inbreeding and consanguineous marriages are very commonly practiced in Pakistan, leading to the segregation of a wide variety of genetic disorders in large mutigenerational families, including disorders of the eyes. For this reason, Pakistan is considered as a goldmine for the genetic researchers. The aim of the study presented in this book was to map the disease phenotype and identify genes responsible for inherited ocular disorders in Pakistani families. The ultimate purpose was to reduce the burden of these incurable disorders from the society by providing genetic counseling and designing possible therapeutic interventions. The material provided in this book is therefore extremely valuable for the clinicians, researchers and students of human molecular geneticists, as it covers basic genetic concepts to research strategies for the identification of disease gene(s).

Binary compound semiconductor of (CdS) and copper doped (CdS: Cu) thin films have been deposited onto glass substrates at substrate temperature (T =653 K) by spray technique. Different doped films were prepared using different concentrations of Cu (0.1-2%). The effect of copper doping on some physical properties of the prepared films of thickness (0.9 0.05 um) was investigated. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the films have been studied using X-ray diffraction, optical transmission spectra and electrical conductivity respectively. These properties were found to be strongly dependent on the doping concentration. The polycrystalline films with a hexagonal structure for undoped and a mixed (hexagonal+cubic) structure for doped films have been obtained. The optical band gap of these films was found to be decreased from 2.451 to 2.410 eV with increase Cu concentration. The electrical conductivity of these films was found to be decreased initially with increasing Cu concentration, while it started to increase for doping values over 1% of Cu, and a conversion of the conductivity type of the films (from n-type to p-type) was observed at doping level above 1%.

Benzyl-o-vanillin and benzimidazole nucleus serves as an important pharmacophore in drug discovery as it have a significant medicinal importance. Thus we explored the anticancer activity of three relative compounds and found their structure activity relationship compare with 2-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde main structure. According to the cytotoxicity analysis, they induce cell death of leukemic cell line through DNA fragmentation. DNA binding studies reveals that the DNA binding occurs through groove region. The higher mutagenicity might cause DNA mutation through interaction with the guanines while the lack of significant mutagenic activity suggests that the compound may target mainly the AT rich sequences of the nucleic acid. Hence, the present study provides a new insight of these novel (2-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenyl) derivatives serving as a potential therapeutic agent against leukemia. This work should help shed some light on these exciting compounds and their SAR results, and should be especially useful to professionals in Oncology and cancer research feilds, or anyone else who may be considering utilizing DNA-drug interactions along with mutagenicity for research effort.

Flight has been a major part of the world since it was first demonstrated by the Wright brothers in 1902. However, in depth studies into the effects of airflow over wings didn't occur until World War I .In an attempt to better understand what made a good wing, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, henceforth referred to as the NACA, was founded. In 1933 the NACA tested 78 airfoil shapes in their wind tunnels with the data being published in Technical Report No. 460, "The Characteristics of 78 Related Airfoil Sections from Tests in the Wind Tunnel." This report also resulted in the creation of the four-digit scheme for defining the basic geometry of the airfoil. This same naming scheme was then used to define the other airfoil families, such as the five-digit airfoils. CFD analysis can be done using many software packages. FLUENT is one of it. FLUENT provides comprehensive modeling capabilities for a wide range of incompressible and compressible, laminar and turbulent fluid flow problems. FLUENT uses Finite Volume Method for analyzing the Airfoil properties such as coefficient of pressure, lift, drag etc

Investigation of the physical properties on an n- type GaP single crystal semiconductor compound is given. The magneto-optical properties, magneto photoconductivity, Hall effect as well as Seebeck and Nernst effects are measured for the same sample. A constructed basic experimental set-up for conducting these measurements is shown. An optical cryostat which is capable to control the sample temperature in the range of (200-340 K) is shown. The cryostat is also suitable for measuring electrical as well as thermal measurements. Results of energy gap is obtained from both optical absorption method and photoconductivity measurements for zero and under the influence of a magnetic field .Reduced effective mass from both the magneto-optical and magneto-photoconductivity technique is given and explained. From the combination between electrical and thermal experiments, the method of four coefficients (Conductivity, Hall effect, Seebeck and Nernst) is explained as a direct measurement for both the density of state effective mass and the scattering parameter.

A flexible suite of resources providing full coverage of the Cambridge IGCSE (R) Arabic as a First Language syllabus (0508) for first examination in 2015. With a skills-based approach and international focus, this coursebook promotes a deeper understanding of the Arabic language and culture. Engaging texts and activities, built around the learning objectives, develop critical thinking and support students through the Cambridge IGCSE (R) Arabic as a First Language course.