This groundbreaking book offers in-depth analysis of the modern Islamic state, applying a quantitative measurement of how Muslim majority nations meet the definition. Content for the book was developed through extensive debate among a panel of distinguished Sunni and Shia Muslim scholars over seven years.

This book presents a comparative look at the norms and attitudes related to youth violence. It aims to present a perspective outside of the typical Western context, through case studies comparing a developed / Western democracy (Germany), a country with a history of institutionalized violence (South Africa), and an emerging democracy that has experienced heavy terrorism (Pakistan). Building on earlier works, the research presented in this innovative volume provides new insights into the sociocultural context for shaping both young people's tolerance of and involvement in violence, depending on their environment. This volume covers: Research on interpersonal violence. Thorough review of the contribution of research on gangs, violence, neighborhoods and community. Analyses on violence-related norms of male juveniles (ages 16-21 years old) living in high-risk urban neighborhoods. Intense discussion of the concept of street code and its use. Application of street code concept to contexts outside the US. An integrating chapter focused on where the street code exists, and how it is modified or interpreted by young men. With a foreword by Jeffrey Ian Ross, this book aims to provide a broader context for research. It does so via a rigorous comparative methodology, presenting a framework that may be applied to future studies. This open access book will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as related fields such as sociology, demography, psychology, and public health.

In an autobiography marked by staggering vulnerability, former NBA star Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf-whose given name was Chris Jackson before converting to Islam and changing it in 1991-recounts the twists, turns, trials, and triumphs of his life. He is perhaps most well-known for being exiled from the league for praying--instead of standing and saluting the flag - during the playing of "The Star-Spangled Banner" before games throughout the 1995-96 season. Abdul-Rauf's protest sent shockwaves through the NBA that can still be felt today. With wit and candor, Abdul-Rauf tells the story of how he rose to the top of his game--only to have his career taken away in the blink of an eye when he stood up for his principles. He also recounts his experiences living with Tourette Syndrome, committing his life to the Islamic faith, and growing up estranged from his father. In the Blink of an Eye challenges readers to examine our own lives by asking what we value, how we want to be remembered, and how we can contribute to making the world a better place. Through evocative passages that place the reader in the heat of the moment as well as poignant portraits of the important people in his life, In the Blink of an Eye will capture the attention of readers from all walks of life. This book is a must-read for anyone who has faced down adversity by standing up for the integrity of their own life, path, and identity. From his confrontations with racism--including the burning down of his house--to his difficult relationship with some of his closest family members, Adbul-Rauf reveals in intimate detail the important and inspirational, if painful, episodes that shaped his life.

This book is a collection of research papers presented at the International Workshop on Intelligent Software Engineering Automation (ISEA 2020) in the 27th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC 2020), during 1-4 December 2020 in Singapore. The book discusses automated tools and techniques which are required to reflect over business knowledge to identify what is missing or could be effectively changed while producing and evolving. The book presents works from international researchers and practitioners in the fields of intelligent software engineering/automated software engineering to discuss applications, experiences, and emerging advanced techniques.

This groundbreaking book offers in-depth analysis of the modern Islamic state, applying a quantitative measurement of how Muslim majority nations meet the definition. Content for the book was developed through extensive debate among a panel of distinguished Sunni and Shia Muslim scholars over seven years.

For more than a century, heterocycles have played a crucial role in the biological and industrial development of society, becoming one of the most researched areas within organic chemistry.

The first chapter of "Microwave-Induced Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles" is based on microwave theory, the latest developments in instrumentation technology, and the various microwave technologies used for synthesis. The remainder of the chapters are divided into two sections. Section A deals with the five-membered heterocycles (pyrazoles, isoxazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, thiazoles, imidazoles, oxazoles, oxazolines etc.) and in Section B, various six-membered heterocycles (triazines, benzoxazoles, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles) are presented. Both sections contain a detailed, recent literature review of microwave assisted synthesis and its applicability to various aromatic heterocyclics."

This book presents a comparative look at the norms and attitudes related to youth violence. It aims to present a perspective outside of the typical Western context, through case studies comparing a developed / Western democracy (Germany), a country with a history of institutionalized violence (South Africa), and an emerging democracy that has experienced heavy terrorism (Pakistan). Building on earlier works, the research presented in this innovative volume provides new insights into the sociocultural context for shaping both young people's tolerance of and involvement in violence, depending on their environment. This volume covers: Research on interpersonal violence. Thorough review of the contribution of research on gangs, violence, neighborhoods and community. Analyses on violence-related norms of male juveniles (ages 16-21 years old) living in high-risk urban neighborhoods. Intense discussion of the concept of street code and its use. Application of street code concept to contexts outside the US. An integrating chapter focused on where the street code exists, and how it is modified or interpreted by young men. With a foreword by Jeffrey Ian Ross, this book aims to provide a broader context for research. It does so via a rigorous comparative methodology, presenting a framework that may be applied to future studies. This open access book will be of interest to researchers in criminology and criminal justice, as well as related fields such as sociology, demography, psychology, and public health.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignant disease caused by the abnormal growth and development of early non-granular white blood cells, or lymphoblasts. ALL occurs predominantly in children, peaking at 4 years of age. Interferons (IFNs) are the biological agents involved in the antiviral responses and the inhibition of tumor growth. In oncology, the IFNs are an important treatment options for a number of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The IFN- 1gene consists of 840 bp and it lacks intron sequences. Seventy patients suffering from Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia were studied and analyzed for mutation analysis of IFN- 1. So, 58.3% of the patients suffering from ALL were observed and compared with 41.7% normal DNA samples as control. PCR was performed and amplified gene products were detected on agarose gel and PAGE. Finally, SSCP was performed and mobility shift was observed in 7 out of 70 ALL samples. We observed that ALL disease typically develops in children ages 1-10 years old and is more prevalent in males than females. Mutation in the IFN- 1 gene was significantly related to 1-5 years in case of association of mutation with age.

Synthetic insecticides has long been involved in causing fetal diseases to human beings as well as cattle. Importance of biological control of insect pests is aan environment friendly approach. With advances in biotechnology, recombinant bacteria and other organisms are being developed for better control of insect pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) holds a central place among biocontrol agents. BT produces parasporal crystal proteins (Cry toxin) during sporulation phase of its growth. These toxins have defined spectra of toxicity to the target insects only, without doing any harm to friend insects. More than 260 Cry toxins have been reported so far. Of which Cry2 is toxic to lepidopteran as well as dipteran insects. When enters the insect midgut, the toxin gets activated by proteases present in the insect midgut, make holes in the gut, as a result insect loses homeostasis and eventually die without feeding.

Over the past decade, shea butter business activities have received stakeholder attention as a potential means to an end for some women in Ghana. The shea butter business provides alternative livelihood options for women who are either engaged in shea nut processing and/or shea butter processing as a business. Shea butter was initially processed manually at the household level. Subsequent developments in the shea business facilitated the processing of shea butter at group levels with improved techniques due to quality and issues of standardization among others. Interestingly, despite the shea butter business potential, assessment of entrepreneurial capabilities of women shea butter processors in Ghana is limited. Underscoring the need for empirical assessment; this book presents details of assessment of entrepreneurial capabilities of sampled women shea butter processors in Northern Region of Ghana. Though this book was submitted as a partial requirement for an award of Master of Philosophy Degree in Development Management, it is a useful source of information on shea business in Ghana for both academic and other developmental interventions and policy.

Entrepreneurial capability of the women sheabutter groups in the Northern Region becomes crucial for business growth, development and profit maximization. This book is a step to offer intellectual and development stakeholders' useful and organized information and source of knowledge on entrepreneurial capacity of women who are engaged in Shea business in Ghana. This book serves as reference source for academic purposes and provides the dynamics involved in shea processing especially the capacities of women who are engaged in shea processing in Ghana.