This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from the 3rd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation and Mechatronics Engineering (CIM2022). The conference is a virtual conference held on 2-3 March 2022. The topics covered latest work and finding in the area of Control Engineering, Mechatronics, Robotics and Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Manufacturing, Sensor, Measurement and Instrumentation. Moreover, the latest applications of instrumentations, control and mechatronics are provided. Therefore, this proceeding is a valuable material for researchers, academicians, university students and engineers.

This book presents selected academic papers addressing five key research areas - archaeology, history, language, culture and arts - related to the Malay Civilisation. It outlines new findings, interpretations, policies, methodologies and theories that were presented at the International Seminar on Archaeology, History, and Language in the Malay Civilisation (ASBAM5) in 2016. Further, it provides new perspectives and serves as a vital point of reference for all researchers, students, policymakers and legislators who have an interest in the Malay Civilisation.

This book presents selected academic papers addressing five key research areas - archaeology, history, language, culture and arts - related to the Malay Civilisation. It outlines new findings, interpretations, policies, methodologies and theories that were presented at the International Seminar on Archaeology, History, and Language in the Malay Civilisation (ASBAM5) in 2016. Further, it provides new perspectives and serves as a vital point of reference for all researchers, students, policymakers and legislators who have an interest in the Malay Civilisation.

This volume throws light on the Sick Building Syndrome in Libraries and other public buildings, and the extent to which it is influenced by the internal environment of libraries. One of the signs of this disease is that the person suffers from a set of symptoms closely related to his/her presence in the building, without the identification of any clear causes, and his/her relief of these symptoms when he/she are out of the building. Hence, the book sheds on the extent to which the interior environment impacts upon the health of the people, and the extent to which this is reflected in their performance. The book can be used for teaching, research, and professional reference. It concludes with the recommendation that is essential to observe environmental dimensions when designing library and public buildings, taking into consideration the expected impact of SBS in library and public buildings on people. The significance of the book derives from the fact that it is the first of its kind to examine the issue of the interior environment and SBS of library and public building worldwide.

Every now and then some great people have come along to protect and revive Islam. This short and well-presented book highlights a small selection of specific personalities from our rich tradition who served as foundational hallmarks for the progress of Islam. Biographies in this book include Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz, Hasan al-Basri, al-Bukhari, Salah ad-Deen, Abu Hanifah, al-Nawawi and more.

This book describes the importance of heat transfer in heat exchangers, and fluids properties play a vital role to increase heat transfer rate translating the size of the equipment and cuts in the capital and running cost in the long term. Nanofluids applications in heat exchangers will help to improve the thermophysical properties of the fluid and therefore heat transfer. And, this book explains the enhancing mechanisms of heat transfer by employing nanofluids in heat exchangers. A critical discussion will enable to estimate the pros and cons of such fluids in different types of heat exchangers. Prevailing working conditions for short- and long-term implementation of various types of nanofluids will be discussed and introduced to the readers. This book helps the researchers, scientist and academicians working in the domain to be able to get a comprehensive knowledge at one place regarding the preparation, properties, measurements, data reduction, characteristics and applications of nanofluids in heat exchangers.

This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from the 3rd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation and Mechatronics Engineering (CIM2022). The conference is a virtual conference held on 2-3 March 2022. The topics covered latest work and finding in the area of Control Engineering, Mechatronics, Robotics and Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Manufacturing, Sensor, Measurement and Instrumentation. Moreover, the latest applications of instrumentations, control and mechatronics are provided. Therefore, this proceeding is a valuable material for researchers, academicians, university students and engineers.

Tackling the issue of water and wastewater treatment nowadays requires novel approaches to ensure that sustainable development can be achieved. Water and wastewater treatment should not be seen only as an end-of-pipe solution but instead the approach should be more holistic and lead to a more sustainable process. This requires the integration of various methods/processes to obtain the most optimized design. Integrated and Hybrid Process Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment discusses the state-of-the-art development in integrated and hybrid treatment processes and their applications to the treatment of a vast variety of water and wastewater sources. The approaches taken in this book are categorized as (i) resources recovery and consumption, (ii) optimal performance, (iii) physical and environmental footprints, (iv) zero liquid discharge concept and are (v) regulation-driven. Through these categories, readers will see how such an approach could benefit the water and wastewater industry. Each chapter discusses challenges and prospects of an integrated treatment process in achieving sustainable development. This book serves as a platform to provide ideas and to bridge the gap between laboratory-scale research and practical industry application.

This volume throws light on the Sick Building Syndrome in Libraries and other public buildings, and the extent to which it is influenced by the internal environment of libraries. One of the signs of this disease is that the person suffers from a set of symptoms closely related to his/her presence in the building, without the identification of any clear causes, and his/her relief of these symptoms when he/she are out of the building. Hence, the book sheds on the extent to which the interior environment impacts upon the health of the people, and the extent to which this is reflected in their performance. The book can be used for teaching, research, and professional reference. It concludes with the recommendation that is essential to observe environmental dimensions when designing library and public buildings, taking into consideration the expected impact of SBS in library and public buildings on people. The significance of the book derives from the fact that it is the first of its kind to examine the issue of the interior environment and SBS of library and public building worldwide.

This book is the first to comprehensively explore elasticity imaging and examines recent, important developments in asymptotic imaging, modeling, and analysis of deterministic and stochastic elastic wave propagation phenomena. It derives the best possible functional images for small inclusions and cracks within the context of stability and resolution, and introduces a topological derivative-based imaging framework for detecting elastic inclusions in the time-harmonic regime. For imaging extended elastic inclusions, accurate optimal control methodologies are designed and the effects of uncertainties of the geometric or physical parameters on stability and resolution properties are evaluated. In particular, the book shows how localized damage to a mechanical structure affects its dynamic characteristics, and how measured eigenparameters are linked to elastic inclusion or crack location, orientation, and size. Demonstrating a novel method for identifying, locating, and estimating inclusions and cracks in elastic structures, the book opens possibilities for a mathematical and numerical framework for elasticity imaging of nanoparticles and cellular structures.

CRINN (Computing Research and Innovation), Volume 2, October 2017, is a compilation of peer-reviewed research papers, technical and concept papers and innovations among the academicians from Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis Branch and other universities from all over Malaysia. CRINN also serves as a sharing center for every faculty members and others to share their research findings, experiences and innovations. This volume comprises a selection of 38 scholarly articles from Mathematical Sciences, Computer Sciences, Computer Network, Information Technology and System Sciences fields

The purpose of this book is to review the Aesthetic Experience in the World of Education. In this study authors investigated about Need of Aesthetic in Art, Aesthetic in Cultural Study, Aesthetic Education, Integration Aesthetic and Curriculum and Concept of Aesthetic in Art. Authors indicated that we figure out the world through our aesthetic filters. Aesthetic is a philosophy, literacy and artistic movement, a design ideal and a practical consideration. It is part of any artistic process and endeavor that may serve ornamental and/or functional purposes. Visually aesthetic is a notion that consists of numerous descriptive qualities that pertain to ephemeral and lasting experiences and beauty in the broadest of sense.

Molecular epidemiological methods have been proven to be cost-effective for surveillance and study of nosocomial outbreaks. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is the gold standard for molecular epidemiology studies but repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) could be an alternative in view that it has the same discriminatory power but is more rapid, easier and cheaper to do. The aim of this study was to study the genetic relatedness among the MRSA strains that were collected from patients in the general intensive care unit at a tertiary hospital.

This book aims to identify the determinants of international portfolio capital investment flows into Malaysia during 1991 to 2002. Specifically, the determinants of portfolio capital flows are investigated by distinguishing the push (external)and pull (internal) factors. Push factors include economic conditions outside the host country such as world interest rate and growth rate, while pull factors include various economic and financial conditions of the host country. The effects of each determinant of portfolio capital investment (PCI) are examined by analyzing the time series data. The multi-regression analysis was conducted to identify the type of relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The findings show that both push and pull factors are significant in determining the portfolio capital investment flows into Malaysia. The results provide strong evidence that the world (U.S) real interest rate, Malaysian inflation rate (CPI) and the growth rate of the stock price index (KLSE CI) are significant in determining the portfolio capital flows to Malaysia.

The main objective of this work is to contribute to the management literature by comprehensively reviewing and exploring the management theories from the management science theory up to the current management theories. This book hopes to stimulate and generate dynamic and contemporary ideas among the new management researchers in a more systematic way to further identify, conceptualize, extend or even build new management theories and perspectives. This book, which consists of essays on management theories, discusses the current development of management theories and opportunities for further conceptual and empirical research. New researchers will find this book interesting and useful as it deliberates on the meaning of theory, the theory building process and subsequently discusses on how they could contribute to the expansion and extension of management theory.

The early detection of acute blood loss is becoming more important for diagnostic purpose especially with the development of newer portable ultrasound device. Use of the ultrasound in the detection of acute blood loss via measuring the IVC diameter is not the standard clinical practice at the current moment. Current evidence suggests that acute blood loss can be detected early in hypovolemic patient by measuring the IVC diameter. The clinical implication of this study, IVCe was a great marker to determine the volume loss through bleeding in trauma patient. The measurement of the IVC diameter was also a reliable indicator of shock in trauma or medical hypovolemic cases and may even predict it in patients who have normal blood pressure due to sympathetic activity.

India initiated macroeconomic stabilization measures and structural reforms in July 1991 and since then the reform process has been refined and elaborated. The economic growth in India during the reform period has been generally regarded as "good" but not "sufficiently inclusive." These concerns necessitate a detailed stock taking of India's economic policies and its outcome over the reform period to identify its success and failures and suggest for restructuring the economic policies to achieve a higher, sustainable and sufficiently inclusive growth rate in future. This edited book examines the impact of the economic reforms on various fronts since 1991. It contains thirty seven articles divided into five sections viz.; section I: growth, poverty, unemployment and reforms; section II: economic reforms and Indian agriculture; section III: sectoral and regional issues; section IV: banking and financial sector reforms; and section V: India's external sector reforms. The book is useful for the students of various disciplines who have interest in the subject and are involved in the research and development.