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Resource Allocation lies at the heart of network control. In the
early days of the Internet the scarcest resource was bandwidth, but
as the network has evolved to become an essential utility in the
lives of billions, the nature of the resource allocation problem
has changed. This book attempts to describe the facets of resource
allocation that are most relevant to modern networks. It is
targeted at graduate students and researchers who have an
introductory background in networking and who desire to internalize
core concepts before designing new protocols and applications. We
start from the fundamental question: what problem does network
resource allocation solve? This leads us, in Chapter 1, to examine
what it means to satisfy a set of user applications that have
different requirements of the network, and to problems in Social
Choice Theory. We find that while capturing these preferences in
terms of utility is clean and rigorous, there are significant
limitations to this choice. Chapter 2 focuses on sharing divisible
resources such as links and spectrum. Both of these resources are
somewhat atypical -- a link is most accurately modeled as a queue
in our context, but this leads to the analytical intractability of
queueing theory, and spectrum allocation methods involve dealing
with interference, a poorly understood phenomenon. Chapters 3 and 4
are introductions to two allocation workhorses: auctions and
matching. In these chapters we allow the users to game the system
(i.e., to be strategic), but don't allow them to collude. In
Chapter 5, we relax this restriction and focus on collaboration.
Finally, in Chapter 6, we discuss the theoretical yet fundamental
issue of stability. Here, our contribution is mostly on making a
mathematically abstruse subdiscipline more accessible without
losing too much generality.
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