Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems in Medicineprovides a thorough review of state-of-the-art techniques and practices, defines and explains relevant problems, as well as provides solutions to these problems. After an introduction, the book progresses from one topic to another - with a linear development from fundamentals to applications.

Telecommunications has evolved and grown at an explosive rate in recent years and will undoubtedly continue to do so. As its functions, applications, and technology grow, it becomes increasingly complex and difficult, if not impossible, to meet the demands of a global network using conventional computing technologies. Computational intelligence (CI) is the technology of the future-and the future is now.

Computational Intelligence in Telecommunications Networks offers an in-depth look at the rapid progress of CI technology and shows its importance in solving the crucial problems of future telecommunications networks. It covers a broad range of topics, from Call Admission Control, congestion control, and QoS-routing for ATM networks, to network design and management, optical, mobile, and active networks, and Intelligent Mobile Agents.

Today's telecommunications professionals need a working knowledge of CI to exploit its potential to overcome emerging challenges. The CI community must become acquainted with those challenges to take advantage of the enormous opportunities the telecommunications field offers. This text meets both those needs, clearly, concisely, and with a depth certain to inspire further theoretical and practical advances.

The volumes deal with the newly emerging field ofRisk and Hazard Assessment and its application to science and engineering. These volumes deal with issues such as short-and long-term hazards, setting priorities in safety, fault analysis for process plants, hazard identification and safety assessment of human- robot systems, plant fault diagnoses expert systems, knowledge based diagnostic systems, fault tree analysis, modelling of computer security systems for risk and reliability analysis, risk analysis of fatigue failure, fault evaluation of complex system, probabilistic risk analysis, and expert systems for fault detection. This volume will provide the reader not only with valuable conceptual and technical information but also with a better view of the field, its problems, accomplishments, and future potentials

The volumes deal with the newly emerging field ofRisk and Hazard Assessment and its application to science and engineering. These volumes deal with issues such as short-and long-term hazards, setting priorities in safety, fault analysis for process plants, hazard identification and safety assessment of human- robot systems, plant fault diagnoses expert systems, knowledge based diagnostic systems, fault tree analysis, modelling of computer security systems for risk and reliability analysis, risk analysis of fatigue failure, fault evaluation of complex system, probabilistic risk analysis, and expert systems for fault detection. This volume will provide the reader not only with valuable conceptual and technical information but also with a better view of the field, its problems, accomplishments, and future potentials

Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems in Medicineprovides a thorough review of state-of-the-art techniques and practices, defines and explains relevant problems, as well as provides solutions to these problems. After an introduction, the book progresses from one topic to another - with a linear development from fundamentals to applications.

Hybrid architecture for intelligent systems is a new field of artificial intelligence concerned with the development of the next generation of intelligent systems. This volume is the first book to delineate current research interests in hybrid architectures for intelligent systems.
The book is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the theory, methodologies, and algorithms of intelligent hybrid systems. The second part examines current applications of intelligent hybrid systems in areas such as data analysis, pattern classification and recognition, intelligent robot control, medical diagnosis, architecture, wastewater treatment, and flexible manufacturing systems.
Hybrid Architectures for Intelligent Systems is an important reference for computer scientists and electrical engineers involved with artificial intelligence, neural networks, parallel processing, robotics, and systems architecture.

This book presents a comprehensive report on the evolution of Fuzzy Logic since its formulation in Lotfi Zadeh’s seminal paper on “fuzzy sets,” published in 1965. In addition, it features a stimulating sampling from the broad field of research and development inspired by Zadeh’s paper. The chapters, written by pioneers and prominent scholars in the field, show how fuzzy sets have been successfully applied to artificial intelligence, control theory, inference, and reasoning. The book also reports on theoretical issues; features recent applications of Fuzzy Logic in the fields of neural networks, clustering, data mining and software testing; and highlights an important paradigm shift caused by Fuzzy Logic in the area of uncertainty management. Conceived by the editors as an academic celebration of the fifty years’ anniversary of the 1965 paper, this work is a must-have for students and researchers willing to get an inspiring picture of the potentialities, limitations, achievements and accomplishments of Fuzzy Logic-based systems.

This book presents a comprehensive report on the evolution of Fuzzy Logic since its formulation in Lotfi Zadeh's seminal paper on "fuzzy sets," published in 1965. In addition, it features a stimulating sampling from the broad field of research and development inspired by Zadeh's paper. The chapters, written by pioneers and prominent scholars in the field, show how fuzzy sets have been successfully applied to artificial intelligence, control theory, inference, and reasoning. The book also reports on theoretical issues; features recent applications of Fuzzy Logic in the fields of neural networks, clustering, data mining and software testing; and highlights an important paradigm shift caused by Fuzzy Logic in the area of uncertainty management. Conceived by the editors as an academic celebration of the fifty years' anniversary of the 1965 paper, this work is a must-have for students and researchers willing to get an inspiring picture of the potentialities, limitations, achievements and accomplishments of Fuzzy Logic-based systems.

Another Calculus book? As long as students find calculus scary, the failure rate in mathematics is higher than in all other subjects, and as long as most people mistakenly believe that only geniuses can learn and understand mathematics, there will always be room for a new book of Calculus. We call it Calculus Light. This book is designed for a one semester course in "light" calculus - mostly single variable, meant to be used by undergraduate students without a wide mathematical background and who do not major in mathematics but study subjects such as engineering, biology or management information systems. The first chapter contains a historical background of calculus. Every scientific achievement involves people and therefore characterized by victories and disappointments, intrigues and hope. All of these elements exist in the story behind calculus and when you add the time dimension, starting 2400 years ago, it is a saga. We hope the reader enjoys reading this chapter as much as we enjoyed the writing. In addition to classic calculus the book provides tools for practical applications such as Fourier series, Lagrange multipliers and elementary numerical methods.

This volume offers comprehensive coverage of intelligent systems, including fundamental aspects, software-, sensors-, and hardware-related issues. Moreover, the contributors to this volume provide, beyond a systematic overview of intelligent interfaces and systems, deep, practical knowledge in building and using intelligent systems in various applications. Special emphasis is placed on specific aspects and requirements in applications.

Fuzzy hardware developments have been a major force driving the applications of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic in both science and engineering. This volume provides the reader with a comprehensive up-to-date look at recent works describing new innovative developments of fuzzy hardware. An important research trend is the design of improved fuzzy hardware. There is an increasing interest in both analog and digital implementations of fuzzy controllers in particular and fuzzy systems in general. Specialized analog and digital VLSI implementations of fuzzy systems, in the form of dedicated architectures, aim at the highest implementation efficiency. This particular efficiency is asserted in terms of processing speed and silicon utilization. Processing speed in particular has caught the attention of developers of fuzzy hardware and researchers in the field.The volume includes detailed material on a variety of fuzzy hardware related topics such as: * Historical review of fuzzy hardware research * Fuzzy hardware based on encoded trapezoids * Pulse stream techniques for fuzzy hardware * Hardware realization of fuzzy neural networks * Design of analog neuro-fuzzy systems in CMOS digital technologies * Fuzzy controller synthesis method * Automatic design of digital and analog neuro-fuzzy controllers * Electronic implementation of complex controllers * Silicon compilation of fuzzy hardware systems * Digital fuzzy hardware processing * Parallel processor architecture for real-time fuzzy applications * Fuzzy cellular systems Fuzzy Hardware: Architectures and Applications is a technical reference book for researchers, engineers and scientists interested in fuzzy systems in general and in building fuzzy systems in particular.

Another Calculus book? As long as students find calculus scary, the failure rate in mathematics is higher than in all other subjects, and as long as most people mistakenly believe that only geniuses can learn and understand mathematics, there will always be room for a new book of Calculus. We call it Calculus Light.

This book is designed for a one semester course in "light" calculus - mostly single variable, meant to be used by undergraduate students without a wide mathematical background and who do not major in mathematics but study subjects such as engineering, biology or management information systems.

The first chapter contains a historical background of calculus. Every scientific achievement involves people and therefore characterized by victories and disappointments, intrigues and hope. All of these elements exist in the story behind calculus and when you add the time dimension, starting 2400 years ago, it is a saga. We hope the reader enjoys reading this chapter as much as we enjoyed the writing.

In addition to classic calculus the book provides tools for practical applications such as Fourier series, Lagrange multipliers and elementary numerical methods.

This book presents state-of-the-art developments in the area of computationally intelligent methods applied to various aspects and ways of Web exploration and Web mining. Some novel data mining algorithms that can lead to more effective and intelligent Web-based systems are also described. Scientists, engineers, and research students can expect to find many inspiring ideas in this volume.

A sharp increase in the computing power of modern computers has triggered the development of powerful algorithms that can analyze complex patterns in large amounts of data within a short time period. Consequently, it has become possible to apply pattern recognition techniques to new tasks. The main goal of this book is to cover some of the latest application domains of pattern recognition while presenting novel techniques that have been developed or customized in those domains.

This book presents novel graph-theoretic methods for complex computer vision and pattern recognition tasks. It presents the application of graph theory to low-level processing of digital images, presents graph-theoretic learning algorithms for high-level computer vision and pattern recognition applications, and provides detailed descriptions of several applications of graph-based methods to real-world pattern recognition tasks.

This book presents a specific and unified approach framework to three major components: Search Engines Performance, Link Analysis, and User 's Web Behavior. The book can be used by researchers in the fields of information sciences, engineering (especially software), computer science, statistics and management, who are looking for a unified theoretical approach to finding relevant information on the WWW and a way of interpreting it from a data perspective to a user perspective.

Intelligent systems are now being used more commonly than in the past. These involve cognitive, evolving and artificial-life, robotic, and decision making systems, to name a few. Due to the tremendous speed of development, on both fundamental and technological levels, it is virtually impossible to offer an up-to-date, yet comprehensive overview of this field. Nevertheless, the need for a volume presenting recent developments and trends in this domain is huge, and the demand for such a volume is continually increasing in industrial and academic engineering 1 communities. Although there are a few volumes devoted to similar issues, none offer a comprehensive coverage of the field; moreover they risk rapidly becoming obsolete. The editors of this volume cannot pretend to fill such a large gap. However, it is the editors' intention to fill a significant part of this gap. A comprehensive coverage of the field should include topics such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, neuro-fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, evolvable hardware, cellular automata-based systems, and various types of artificial life-system implementations, including autonomous robots. In this volume, we have focused on the first five topics listed above. The volume is composed of four parts, each part being divided into chapters, with the exception of part 4. In Part 1, the topics of "Evolvable Hardware and GAs" are addressed. In Chapter 1, "Automated Design Synthesis and Partitioning for Adaptive Reconfigurable Hardware," Ranga Vemuri and co-authors present state-of-the-art adaptive architectures, their classification, and their applications."

Many business decisions are made in the absence of complete information about the decision consequences. Credit lines are approved without knowing the future behavior of the customers; stocks are bought and sold without knowing their future prices; parts are manufactured without knowing all the factors affecting their final quality; etc. All these cases can be categorized as decision making under uncertainty. Decision makers (human or automated) can handle uncertainty in different ways. Deferring the decision due to the lack of sufficient information may not be an option, especially in real-time systems. Sometimes expert rules, based on experience and intuition, are used. Decision tree is a popular form of representing a set of mutually exclusive rules. An example of a two-branch tree is: if a credit applicant is a student, approve; otherwise, decline. Expert rules are usually based on some hidden assumptions, which are trying to predict the decision consequences. A hidden assumption of the last rule set is: a student will be a profitable customer. Since the direct predictions of the future may not be accurate, a decision maker can consider using some information from the past. The idea is to utilize the potential similarity between the patterns of the past (e.g., "most students used to be profitable") and the patterns of the future (e.g., "students will be profitable").

This book presents a specific and unified approach framework to three major components: Search Engines Performance, Link Analysis, and User 's Web Behavior. The book can be used by researchers in the fields of information sciences, engineering (especially software), computer science, statistics and management, who are looking for a unified theoretical approach to finding relevant information on the WWW and a way of interpreting it from a data perspective to a user perspective.

This book presents state-of-the-art developments in the area of computationally intelligent methods applied to various aspects and ways of Web exploration and Web mining. Some novel data mining algorithms that can lead to more effective and intelligent Web-based systems are also described. Scientists, engineers, and research students can expect to find many inspiring ideas in this volume.

Intelligent systems are now being used more commonly than in the past. These involve cognitive, evolving and artificial-life, robotic, and decision making systems, to name a few. Due to the tremendous speed of development, on both fundamental and technological levels, it is virtually impossible to offer an up-to-date, yet comprehensive overview of this field. Nevertheless, the need for a volume presenting recent developments and trends in this domain is huge, and the demand for such a volume is continually increasing in industrial and academic engineering 1 communities. Although there are a few volumes devoted to similar issues, none offer a comprehensive coverage of the field; moreover they risk rapidly becoming obsolete. The editors of this volume cannot pretend to fill such a large gap. However, it is the editors' intention to fill a significant part of this gap. A comprehensive coverage of the field should include topics such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, neuro-fuzzy systems, genetic algorithms, evolvable hardware, cellular automata-based systems, and various types of artificial life-system implementations, including autonomous robots. In this volume, we have focused on the first five topics listed above. The volume is composed of four parts, each part being divided into chapters, with the exception of part 4. In Part 1, the topics of "Evolvable Hardware and GAs" are addressed. In Chapter 1, "Automated Design Synthesis and Partitioning for Adaptive Reconfigurable Hardware," Ranga Vemuri and co-authors present state-of-the-art adaptive architectures, their classification, and their applications."

Many business decisions are made in the absence of complete information about the decision consequences. Credit lines are approved without knowing the future behavior of the customers; stocks are bought and sold without knowing their future prices; parts are manufactured without knowing all the factors affecting their final quality; etc. All these cases can be categorized as decision making under uncertainty. Decision makers (human or automated) can handle uncertainty in different ways. Deferring the decision due to the lack of sufficient information may not be an option, especially in real-time systems. Sometimes expert rules, based on experience and intuition, are used. Decision tree is a popular form of representing a set of mutually exclusive rules. An example of a two-branch tree is: if a credit applicant is a student, approve; otherwise, decline. Expert rules are usually based on some hidden assumptions, which are trying to predict the decision consequences. A hidden assumption of the last rule set is: a student will be a profitable customer. Since the direct predictions of the future may not be accurate, a decision maker can consider using some information from the past. The idea is to utilize the potential similarity between the patterns of the past (e.g., "most students used to be profitable") and the patterns of the future (e.g., "students will be profitable").

This volume offers comprehensive coverage of intelligent systems, including fundamental aspects, software-, sensors-, and hardware-related issues. Moreover, the contributors to this volume provide, beyond a systematic overview of intelligent interfaces and systems, deep, practical knowledge in building and using intelligent systems in various applications. Special emphasis is placed on specific aspects and requirements in applications.

Fuzzy hardware developments have been a major force driving the applications of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic in both science and engineering. This volume provides the reader with a comprehensive up-to-date look at recent works describing new innovative developments of fuzzy hardware. An important research trend is the design of improved fuzzy hardware. There is an increasing interest in both analog and digital implementations of fuzzy controllers in particular and fuzzy systems in general. Specialized analog and digital VLSI implementations of fuzzy systems, in the form of dedicated architectures, aim at the highest implementation efficiency. This particular efficiency is asserted in terms of processing speed and silicon utilization. Processing speed in particular has caught the attention of developers of fuzzy hardware and researchers in the field. The volume includes detailed material on a variety of fuzzy hardware related topics such as: Historical review of fuzzy hardware research Fuzzy hardware based on encoded trapezoids Pulse stream techniques for fuzzy hardware Hardware realization of fuzzy neural networks Design of analog neuro-fuzzy systems in CMOS digital technologies Fuzzy controller synthesis method Automatic design of digital and analog neuro-fuzzy controllers Electronic implementation of complex controllers Silicon compilation of fuzzy hardware systems Digital fuzzy hardware processing Parallel processor architecture for real-time fuzzy applications Fuzzy cellular systems Fuzzy Hardware: Architectures and Applications is a technical reference book for researchers, engineers and scientists interested in fuzzy systems in general and in building fuzzy systems in particular.

This book presents novel graph-theoretic methods for complex computer vision and pattern recognition tasks. It presents the application of graph theory to low-level processing of digital images, presents graph-theoretic learning algorithms for high-level computer vision and pattern recognition applications, and provides detailed descriptions of several applications of graph-based methods to real-world pattern recognition tasks.