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Clefts are intricate objects which, starting with Jespersen (1937),
have motivated much work in descriptive and formal linguistics.
Nonetheless, almost a century later their exact internal structure
and status are still widely debated, therefore a multidisciplinary
volume on this theoretically complex structure across different
languages of the world is greatly needed. The articles featured in
this volume follow an in-depth Introduction written by the editors,
in which we offer a survey of the state-of-the-art on clefts by way
of a strong contextualisation to the volume, including a number of
robust empirical observations on the morphosyntactic and
interpretational properties of these structures in numerous
standard and non-standard Romance varieties, as well as a critical
presentation of the contributions included in the volume. Among
other things, the ten selected articles propose new insights into
the widely-reported interpretational asymmetry between subject and
object clefts, the features involved in their derivation, the ways
in which the low and high peripheries are variously exploited in
the derivation, the morphosyntactic and interpretational
differences between clefts and their non-cleft counterparts, the
role and formal properties of the copula, the notion of
sub-extraction of features, a reconsideration of the very notion of
focus via clefting, and much more. The volume, written by renown
experts, offers an in-depth overview of the structure of it-clefts,
taking into account different and complementary fields of the study
of linguistics (cartography, quantitative methods, experimental
investigations, nanosyntax, typology and dialectology) and robust
empirical data from numerous languages including Romance varieties,
Hungarian, Mandarin Chinese, and two Spanish- and French-lexifier
creoles. Our belief is that the synchrony of clefts will only be
appropriately understood once diachronic, typological, historical,
experimental and dialectological aspects are all brought together.
We offer through this volume a first attempt at providing such a
variegated picture of the cross-linguistic morphosyntax of
it-clefts.
This Cambridge History is the most comprehensive survey of the
history of the Romance languages ever published in English. It
engages with new and original topics that reflect wider-ranging
comparative concerns, such as the relation between diachrony and
synchrony, morphosyntactic typology, pragmatic change, the
structure of written Romance, and lexical stability. Volume I is
organized around the two key recurrent themes of persistence
(structural inheritance and continuity from Latin) and innovation
(structural change and loss in Romance). An important and novel
aspect of the volume is that it accords persistence in Romance a
focus in its own right rather than treating it simply as the
background to the study of change. In addition, it explores the
patterns of innovation (including loss) at all linguistic levels.
The result is a rich structural history which marries together data
and theory to produce new perspectives on the structural evolution
of the Romance languages.
This book was first published in 2010. The study of Romance
languages can tell us a great deal about sentence structure and its
variation in general. Focusing on the dialects of Italy - including
the islands of Sardinia and Sicily - the authors explore three
thematic areas: the nominal domain, the verbal domain and the left
periphery of the clause. The book gives fresh attention to the
dialects, arguing that they offer an unprecedented degree of
variation (not found, for example, in Germanic languages).
Analysing a host of data, the authors show how the dialects can be
used as a test-bed for investigating and challenging received ideas
about language structure and change. Coherent and wide-ranging,
this is a vital resource for those working in syntactic theory,
historical linguistics and Romance languages.
Change is an inherent feature of all aspects of language, and
syntax is no exception. While the synchronic study of syntax allows
us to make discoveries about the nature of syntactic structure, the
study of historical syntax offers even greater possibilities. Over
recent decades, the study of historical syntax has proven to be a
powerful scientific tool of enquiry with which to challenge and
reassess hypotheses and ideas about the nature of syntactic
structure which go beyond the observed limits of the study of the
synchronic syntax of individual languages or language families. In
this timely Handbook, the editors bring together the best of recent
international scholarship on historical syntax. Each chapter is
focused on a theme rather than an individual language, allowing
readers to discover how systematic descriptions of historical data
can profitably inform and challenge highly diverse sets of
theoretical assumptions.
This is the first in-depth historical treatment of the grammar of
the Neapolitan dialect, providing an exhaustive documentation and
description of all aspects of the phonology, morphology and syntax
of the dialect (and neighbouring varieties spoken in and around the
Bay of Naples) which is comprehensive enough to qualify as a
reference grammar, but is formulated within a conceptual framework
which allows individual facts to be studied as part of a coherent
system and compared with other Romance languages. In this respect,
it makes a significant contribution towards cataloguing the
linguistic typology of dialects within the Italian peninsula.
The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages is the most exhaustive
treatment of the Romance languages available today. Leading
international scholars adopt a variety of theoretical frameworks
and approaches to offer a detailed structural examination of all
the individual Romance varieties and Romance-speaking areas,
including standard, non-standard, dialectal, and regional varieties
of the Old and New Worlds. The book also offers a comprehensive
comparative account of major topics, issues, and case studies
across different areas of the grammar of the Romance languages. The
volume is organized into 10 thematic parts: Parts 1 and 2 deal with
the making of the Romance languages and their typology and
classification, respectively; Part 3 is devoted to individual
structural overviews of Romance languages, dialects, and linguistic
areas, while Part 4 provides comparative overviews of Romance
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics, and
sociolinguistics. Chapters in Parts 5-9 examine issues in Romance
phonology, morphology, syntax, syntax and semantics, and pragmatics
and discourse, respectively, while the final part contains case
studies of topics in the nominal group, verbal group, and the
clause. The book will be an essential resource for both Romance
specialists and everyone with an interest in Indo-European and
comparative linguistics.
This book examines the grammatical changes that took place in the
transition from Latin to the Romance languages. The emerging
languages underwent changes in three fundamental areas involving
the noun phrase, verb phrase, and the sentence. The impact of the
changes can be seen in the reduction of the Latin case system; the
appearance of auxiliary verb structures to mark such categories
tense, mood, and voice; and a shift towards greater rigidification
of word order. The author considers how far these changes are
interrelated and compares their various manifestations and pace of
change across the different standard and non-standard varieties of
Romance. He describes the historical background to the emergence of
the Romance varieties and their Latin ancestry, considering in
detail the richly documented diachronic variation exhibited by the
Romance family. Adam Ledgeway reviews the accounts and explanations
that have been proposed within competing theoretical frameworks,
and considers how far traditional ideas should be reinterpreted in
light of recent theoretical developments. His wide-ranging account
shows that the transition from Latin to Romance is not only of
great intrinsic interest, but both provides a means of challenging
linguistic orthodoxies and presents opportunities to shape new
persepctives on language change, structure, and variation.
This book examines the grammatical changes that took place in the
transition from Latin to the Romance languages. The emerging
language underwent changes in three fundamental areas involving the
noun phrase, verb phrase, and the sentence. The impact of the
changes can be seen in the reduction of the Latin case system; the
appearance of auxiliary verb structures to mark such categories
tense, mood, and voice; and a shift towards greater rigidification
of word order. The author considers how far these changes are
interrelated and compares their various manifestations and pace of
change across the different standard and non-standard varieties of
Romance. He describes the historical background to the emergence of
the Romance varieties and their Latin ancestry, considering in
detail the richly documented diachronic variation exhibited by the
Romance family.
Adam Ledgeway reviews the accounts and explanations that have been
proposed within competing theoretical frameworks, and considers how
far traditional ideas should be reinterpreted in light of recent
theoretical developments. His wide-ranging account shows that the
transition from Latin to Romance is not only of great intrinsic
interest, but both provides a means of challenging linguistic
orthodoxies and presents opportunities to shape new perspectives on
language change, structure, and variation. His fascinating book
will appeal equally to Romance linguists, Latinists, philologists,
historical linguists, and syntacticians of all theoretical
persuasions.
Change is an inherent feature of all aspects of language, and
syntax is no exception. While the synchronic study of syntax allows
us to make discoveries about the nature of syntactic structure, the
study of historical syntax offers even greater possibilities. Over
recent decades, the study of historical syntax has proven to be a
powerful scientific tool of enquiry with which to challenge and
reassess hypotheses and ideas about the nature of syntactic
structure which go beyond the observed limits of the study of the
synchronic syntax of individual languages or language families. In
this timely Handbook, the editors bring together the best of recent
international scholarship on historical syntax. Each chapter is
focused on a theme rather than an individual language, allowing
readers to discover how systematic descriptions of historical data
can profitably inform and challenge highly diverse sets of
theoretical assumptions.
The Romance languages and dialects constitute a treasure trove of
linguistic data of profound interest and significance. Data from
the Romance languages have contributed extensively to our current
empirical and theoretical understanding of phonetics, phonology,
morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and
historical linguistics. Written by a team of world-renowned
scholars, this Handbook explores what we can learn about
linguistics from the study of Romance languages, and how the body
of comparative and historical data taken from them can be applied
to linguistic study. It also offers insights into the diatopic and
diachronic variation exhibited by the Romance family of languages,
of a kind unparalleled for any other Western languages. By asking
what Romance languages can do for linguistics, this Handbook is
essential reading for all linguists interested in the insights that
a knowledge of the Romance evidence can provide for general issues
in linguistic theory.
This book examines diachronic change and diversity in the
morphosyntax of Romance varieties spoken in Italy. These varieties
offer an especially fertile terrain for research into language
change, because of both the richness of dialectal variation and the
length of the period of textual attestation. While attention in the
past has been focussed on the variation found in phonology,
morphology, and vocabulary, this volume examines variation in
morphosyntactic structures, covering a range of topics designed to
exploit and explore the interaction of the geographical and
historical dimensions of change. The opening chapter sets the scene
for specialist and non-specialist readers alike, and establishes
the conceptual and empirical background. There follow a series of
case studies investigating the morphosyntax of verbal and
(pro)nominal constructions and the organization of the clause. Data
are drawn from the full range of Romance dialects spoken within the
borders of modern Italy, ranging from Sicily and Sardinia through
to Piedmont and Friuli. Some of the studies narrow the focus to a
particular construction within a particular dialect; others broaden
out to compare different patterns of evolution within different
dialects. There is also diversity in the theoretical frameworks
adopted by the various contributors. The book aims to take stock of
both the current state of the field and the fruits of recent
research, and to set out new results and new questions to help move
forward the frontiers of that research. It will be a valuable
resource not only for those specializing in the study of
Italo-Romance varieties, but also for other Romanists and for those
interested in exploring and understanding the mechanisms of
morphosyntactic change more generally.
This book was first published in 2010. The study of Romance
languages can tell us a great deal about sentence structure and its
variation in general. Focusing on the dialects of Italy - including
the islands of Sardinia and Sicily - the authors explore three
thematic areas: the nominal domain, the verbal domain and the left
periphery of the clause. The book gives fresh attention to the
dialects, arguing that they offer an unprecedented degree of
variation (not found, for example, in Germanic languages).
Analysing a host of data, the authors show how the dialects can be
used as a test-bed for investigating and challenging received ideas
about language structure and change. Coherent and wide-ranging,
this is a vital resource for those working in syntactic theory,
historical linguistics and Romance languages.
This volume brings together contributions from leading specialists
in syntax and morphology to explore the complex relation between
periphrasis and inflexion from both a synchronic and diachronic
perspective. The chapters draw on data from across the Romance
language family, including standard and regional varieties and
dialects. The relation between periphrasis and inflexion raises
questions for both syntax and morphology, and understanding the
phenomena involved requires cooperation across these sub-domains.
For example, the components that express many periphrases can be
interrupted by other words in a way that is common in syntax but
not in morphology, and in some contexts, a periphrastic form may be
semantically equivalent to a single-word inflected form, with which
it arguably forms part of a paradigmatic set. Patterns of this kind
are found across Romance, albeit with significant local
differences. Moreover, diachrony is essential in understanding
these phenomena, and the rich historical documentation available
for Romance allows an in-depth exploration of the changes and
variation involved, as different members of the family may
instantiate different stages of development. Studying these changes
also raises important questions about the relation between attested
and reconstructed patterns. Although the empirical focus of the
volume is on the Romance languages, the analyses and conclusions
presented shed light on the development and nature of similar
structures in other language families and provide valuable insights
relevant to linguistic theory more broadly.
What is the origin of the Romance languages and how did they
evolve? When and how did they become different from Latin, and from
each other? Volume 2 of The Cambridge History of the Romance
Languages offers fresh and original reflections on the principal
questions and issues in the comparative external histories of the
Romance languages. It is organised around the two key themes of
influences and institutions, exploring the fundamental influence,
of contact with and borrowing from, other languages (including
Latin), and the cultural and institutional forces at work in the
establishment of standard languages and norms of correctness. A
perfect complement to the first volume, it offers an external
history of the Romance languages combining data and theory to
produce new and revealing perspectives on the shaping of the
Romance languages.
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