A new category of contaminants is capturing the attention of citizens, scientists, and regulators. Anthropogenic chemicals occur in air, soil, water, food, and in human and animal tissues. This report considers specific pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, antimicrobials and antibiotics, hormones, plasticizers, surfactants, fire retardants, pesticides, and nanoparticles. It is a must-have for undergraduate and graduate students in environmental engineering and resources; teachers; researchers; and practicing environmental engineers.