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At the end of the 20th century nearly all developed nations have
become countries of immigration, absorbing growing numbers of
immigrants not only from developed regions, but increasingly from
developing nations of the Third World. Although international
migration has come to play a central role in the social, economic,
and demographic dynamics of both immigrant-sending and
immigrant-receiving countries, social scientists have been slow to
construct a comprehensive theory to explain it. Efforts at
theoretical explanation have been fragmented by disciplinary,
geographic, and methodological boundaries. Worlds in Motion seeks
to overcome these schisms to create a comprehensive theory of
international migration for the next century. After explicating the
various propositions and hypotheses of current theories, and
identifying area of complementarity and conflict, the authors
review empirical research emanating from each of the world's
principal international migration systems: North America, Western
Europe, the Gulf, Asia and the Pacific, and the Southern Cone of
South America. Using data from the 1980s, levels and patterns of
migration within each system are described to define their
structure and organization. Specific studies are then
comprehensively surveyed to evaluate the fundamental propositions
of neoclassical economics, the new economics of labour migration,
segmented labour market theory, world systems theory, social
capital theory, and the theory of cumulative causation. The various
theories are also tested by applying them to the relationship
between international migration and economic development. Although
certain theories seem to function more effectively in certain
systems, all contain elements of truth supported by empirical
research. The task of the theorist is thus to identify which
theories are most effective in accounting for international
migration in the world today, and what regional and national
circumstances lead to a predominance of one theoretical mechanism
over another. The book concludes by offering an
empirically-grounded theoretical synthesis to serve as a guide for
researchers and policy-makers in the 21st century.
The twentieth century has seen immense worldwide shifts in population. Whether it is Europe to North America, The Carribean to the United Kingdom, or East Asia to Australia, migration is one of the major factors that influences the global political and economic situation. By applying systematic theoretical frameworks to detailed empirical data, Worlds in Motion provides a unique overview of not only where migration occurs, and how it works, but crucially details the major factors that influence international population movement.
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