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Additional burial areas for the parish of St James Westminster in
the 17th to 18th century were excavated in 2008–9. As the
northern part of the parish around Soho grew and its population
increased from the mid 17th century, pressure mounted on burial
space in the churchyard on Piccadilly and on existing support
structures for the least fortunate members of society. In response,
the lower ground (the early extramural burial ground, 1695–1733)
and the upper ground (the later extramural burial ground,
1733–90) were opened in succession, along with the new workhouse
complex (1725–1913) and the workhouse burial ground (1733–93).
In the later 19th to 20th century public baths were constructed
over part of the site and the workhouse was repurposed and then
redeveloped. The three burial areas were used intensively and a
total of 2553 burials were recorded. Intra-site comparisons
exploring demographic and health profiles show a higher proportion
of adult females in the workhouse population and a
disproportionately low number of childhood deaths across all three
grounds. Full osteological analysis of 1786 skeletons revealed the
wide range of conditions afflicting the buried population. Higher
overall rates of pathological bone conditions, including infectious
disease and trauma, were identified, however, in the workhouse
burials when compared to the extramural grounds. Together with
historical and archaeological evidence, these results and those
from comparative contemporary sites help place the lives of the
urban poor and destitute within the wider context of the 17th and
18th centuries.
This collection of essays by Australian based
practitioner-theorists brings together new research on interactive
documentary making. The chapters explore how documentary theory and
practice is influenced by digitisation, mobile phones, and new
internet platforms. The contributors highlight the questions raised
for documentary makers and scholars as new production methods,
narrative forms, and participation practices emerge. The book
presents an introduction to documentary techniques shaped by new
digital technologies, and will appeal to documentary scholars,
students, and film-makers alike.
Evidence gleaned from archaeology sheds dramatic new light on
religious practices and identities between the later sixteenth and
the nineteenth centuries. The post-medieval period was one of
profound religious and cultural change, of sometimes violent
religious conflict and of a dramatic growth in religious pluralism.
The essays collected here, in what is the first book to focus onthe
material evidence, demonstrate the significant contribution that
archaeology can make to a deeper understanding of religion. They
take a broad interdisciplinary approach to the spatial and material
context of religious life, using buildings and landscapes,
religious objects and excavated cemeteries, alongside cartographic
and documentary sources, to reveal the complexity of religious
practices and identities in varied regions of post-medieval
Britain,Europe and the wider world. Topics covered include the
transformation of religious buildings and landscapes in the
centuries after the European Reformation, the role of religious
minorities and immigrant groups in early modern cities, the
architectural and landscape context of eighteenth and
nineteenth-century nonconformity, and the development of
post-medieval burial practices and funerary customs. Offering a
unique perspective on the material remains ofthe post-medieval
period, this volume will be of significant value to archaeologists
and historians interested in the religious and cultural
transformation of the early modern world. Contributors: Chris King,
Duncan Sayer, Andrew Spicer, Philippa Woodcock, Matthias Range,
Simon Roffey, Greig Parker, Jeremy Lake, Eric Berry, Peter Herring,
Claire Strachan, Peter Benes, Diana Mahoney-Swales, Richard
O'Neill, Hugh Willmott, Natasha Powers, Adrian Miles, Anwen Cedifor
Caffell, Rachel Clarke, Rosie Morris
During the 18th century the expansion of the wealthy London parish
of St Marylebone led to the development of two additional
graveyards to relieve pressure on the church and churchyard on
Marylebone High Street. The latest of these, on the north side of
Paddington Street, was in use between 1772 and 1853. Archaeologists
recorded 386 burials from 124 single, stacked and brick-lined
graves at the western edge of this ground. The archaeological
findings and detailed osteological analysis of 291 individuals are
combined with documentary research to provide a fascinating account
of a burial ground used predominantly by the middle and upper
classes.
It is fascinating to think that many hundreds of generations of
Londoners lie beneath the city without us knowing. Over many
centuries burial grounds have been developed, built over and then
forgotten, often beneath playgrounds, gardens or car parks. When
modern development takes place, remains are disturbed and we are
reminded of a London that has long since disappeared, particularly
with recent archaeological discoveries across the city. In London's
Hidden Burial Grounds, authors Robert Bard and Adrian Miles seek to
uncover many of the capital's lost graveyards, often in the
unlikeliest of places.
The latest in a series on post-medieval burial produced by MOLA,
this volume reports on three non-Church of England burial grounds
in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, excavated between 2004 and
2010. It looks at over 1350 burials of Baptists, Roman Catholics
and Nonconformists, the majority of whom died in 1820-54, and
examines the archaeological and osteological evidence, along with
the historical and documentary sources. The discussions aim to
place the three populations within the wider context of
19th-century London and Britain, with the findings well illustrated
and fully tabulated throughout.
St Marylebone parish grew from humble beginnings on the city's
margins to become, in the 18th and 19th centuries, one of the
wealthiest in London, home to the elite and fashionable. The small
parish church on Marylebone High Street, built in brick in 1742 on
the site of the medieval church, was inadequate for such a
congregation and was superceded in 1817 by today's far grander
edifice on Marylebone Road. Archaeological investigations in 1992
showed that the graveyard - levelled in the 1930s for a playground
for St Marylebone Church of England School for Girls - lay
substantially undisturbed beneath the playground. In 2004 plans to
build an underground sports hall allowed excavation of a sample of
the burial ground and part of the church itself. Most of the 350+
burials recorded were from the graveyard; some were in family
vaults and others inside the church crypt. The archaeological
results and detailed osteological analysis of 301 individuals are
combined with documentary research into the parish and its
population, including the woman who preferred parrots to men, the
artist who died of lockjaw and the Reverend headmaster and his
'most wicked and abandoned wife'. This volume is one of the largest
and most comprehensive studies of a post-medieval London cemetery.
Archaeological work at 1 Poultry includes analysis of 280 burials
associated with the medieval church of St Benet Sherehog and a
post-Great Fire burial ground on the same location. Post-medieval
coffins and coffin furniture indicate that the burial population is
primarily late, with a fifth dated to before the Great Fire,
although none were associated with the primary phase of the church.
The parish of St Benet Sherehog pre- and post-Fire is considered in
terms of the documented population, occupations and wealth, and
health and mortality. This is followed by evidence for the medieval
church of St Benet and the religious life of the parish. 'Death and
commemoration' looks at historical and archaeological evidence for
funerals and burial practices. A detailed osteological account of
the 17th- to 19th-century burial sample includes comparison with
contemporary London cemetery populations.
This collection of essays by Australian based
practitioner-theorists brings together new research on interactive
documentary making. The chapters explore how documentary theory and
practice is influenced by digitisation, mobile phones, and new
internet platforms. The contributors highlight the questions raised
for documentary makers and scholars as new production methods,
narrative forms, and participation practices emerge. The book
presents an introduction to documentary techniques shaped by new
digital technologies, and will appeal to documentary scholars,
students, and film-makers alike.
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