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In 2015, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine convened two workshops with oversight from the Committee
on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms. The
workshops provided input to the committee's deliberations and
contributed to the development of the report Ending Discrimination
against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders. That report
was issued to help the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, utilize the scientific evidence base in improving public
attitudes toward and understanding of behavioral health,
specifically in the areas of mental health and substance use
disorders. This publication summarizes the presentations and
discussions at the two workshops. Table of Contents Front Matter 1
Overview and Goals of Workshops PART I: WORKSHOP ON LESSONS LEARNED
FROM DIVERSE EFFORTS TO CHANGE SOCIAL NORMS 2 Messaging to Change
Social Norms 3 Methods 4 Big Picture Look at Social Change 5 Case
Studies in Changing Social Norms PART II: WORKSHOP ON OPPORTUNITIES
AND STRATEGIES TO PROMOTE BEHAVIOR CHANGE IN BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 6
Setting the Stage 7 Domestic Perspectives 8 Implementing Change in
the U.S. Context: Critical Evaluations 9 A Cultural Cognitive
Approach to Communicating About Child Mental Health 10 Implementing
Change in the U.S. Context: Strategies for Reaching Audiences 11
Perspectives from Outside the United States References Appendix A:
Workshop Agendas Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Speakers
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Assessing Progress on the Institute of Medicine Report The Future of Nursing (Paperback)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Committee for Assessing Progress on Implementing the Recommendations of the Institute of Medicine Report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health; Edited by Lauren Shern, Adrienne Stith Butler, …
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Nurses make up the largest segment of the health care profession,
with 3 million registered nurses in the United States. Nurses work
in a wide variety of settings, including hospitals, public health
centers, schools, and homes, and provide a continuum of services,
including direct patient care, health promotion, patient education,
and coordination of care. They serve in leadership roles, are
researchers, and work to improve health care policy. As the health
care system undergoes transformation due in part to the Affordable
Care Act (ACA), the nursing profession is making a wide-reaching
impact by providing and affecting quality, patient-centered,
accessible, and affordable care. In 2010, the Institute of Medicine
(IOM) released the report The Future of Nursing: Leading Change,
Advancing Health, which made a series of recommendations pertaining
to roles for nurses in the new health care landscape. This current
report assesses progress made by the Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation/AARP Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action and others
in implementing the recommendations from the 2010 report and
identifies areas that should be emphasized over the next 5 years to
make further progress toward these goals. Table of Contents Front
Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Removing Barriers to Practice and
Care 3 Achieving Higher Levels of Education 4 Promoting Diversity 5
Collaborating and Leading in Care Delivery and Redesign 6 Improving
Workforce Data Infrastructure Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods
Appendix B: The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing
Health: Key Messages and Report Recommendations Appendix C:
Committee Biographies
The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is
a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted
solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of
overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include
individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors,
sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental
exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and
biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in
those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of
racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and
neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those
infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at
term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor
growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable
emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for
public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and
other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem
with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses
the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and
social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health
and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of
particular interest to health care professionals, public health
officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical,
basic, behavioral, and social science researchers. Table of
Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction SECTION I Measurement
: 2 Measurement of Fetal and Infant Maturity Section I
Recommendations SECTION II Causes of Preterm Birth: 3 Behavioral
and Psychosocial Contributors to Preterm Birth 4 Sociodemographic
and Community Factors Contributing to Preterm Birth 5 Medical and
Pregnancy Conditions Associated with Preterm Birth 6 Biological
Pathways Leading to Preterm Birth 7 Role of Gene-Environment
Interactions in Preterm Birth 8 Role of Environmental Toxicants in
Preterm Birth Section II Recommendations SECTION III Diagnosis and
Treatment of Preterm Labor: 9 Diagnosis and Treatment of Conditions
Leading to Spontaneous Preterm Birth Section III Recommendations
SECTION IV Consequences of Preterm Birth: 10 Mortality and Acute
Complications in Preterm Infants 11 Neurodevelopmental, Health, and
Family Outcomes for Infants Born Preterm 12 Societal Costs of
Preterm Birth Section IV Recommendations SECTION V Research and
Policy: 13 Barriers to Clinical Research on Preterm Birth and
Outcomes of Preterm Infants 14 Public Policies Affected by Preterm
Birth Section V Recommendations 15 A Research Agenda to Investigate
Preterm Birth References Appendix A Data Sources and Methods
Appendix B Prematurity at Birth: Determinents, Consequences, and
Geographic Variation Appendix C A Review of Ethical Issues involved
in Premature Birth Appendix D A Systematic Review of Costs
Associated with Preterm Birth Appendix E Selected Programs Funding
Preterm Birth Research Appendix F Committee and Staff Biographies
Index
Recent concerns about the unexpected adverse effects of marketed
drugs, such as COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibitors or specific
statins, raise concerns not only about reporting these events
during premarket studies, but also about the responsibility for
ongoing surveillance of drugs once they are on the market.
Sometimes serious adverse drug reactions are fully appreciated only
after a drug has been on the market for years. Therefore, when a
drug is approved and released to the market, large numbers of
patients will be exposed before all the potential adverse effects
have been identified and thoroughly studied. Currently, there is no
clearly defined process for addressing safety questions about drugs
after premarketing research has occurred. In November 2005, the
Institute of Medicine's Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and
Translation convened a workshop to explore issues associated with
the reporting of ADEs. The workshop addressed the following
questions: How can ADEs be effectively identified, particularly
when the adverse effects are rare? How can the direct, causal
effects of drugs be distinguished from simple associations? How can
health-care professionals and their patients' aid in the
identification of drug-related adverse events? How can knowledge of
ADEs be more effectively used in clinical practice? Adverse Drug
Event Reporting reviews current sources of information on adverse
drug events, including the FDA's MedWatch program and the AERS,
institutional review boards, and the CMS. This report considers the
ways that consumers and advocacy groups can be involved in
reporting adverse events, and discusses drug interactions, problems
with current databases for capturing and evaluating interactions,
and difficulties in communicating information about adverse drug
interactions. This report also describes new requirements for
information contained on drug labels and how labels can be used to
communicate information about risks and drug interactions to
consumers and practitioners. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary
1 Introduction 2 Current Adverse Event Reporting Systems 3 Active
Surveillance Systems 4 Consumer Involvement in Reporting Adverse
Events 5 Drug-Drug Interactions 6 Drug Labels References A Workshop
Agenda B Speaker Biographies
Decades of research have demonstrated that children do not respond
to medications in the same way as adults. Differences between
children and adults in the overall response to medications are due
to profound anatomical, physiological, and developmental
differences. Although few would argue that children should receive
medications that have not been adequately tested for safety and
efficacy, the majority of drugs prescribed for children--50 to 75
percent--have not been tested in pediatric populations. Without
adequate data from such testing, prescribing drugs appropriately
becomes challenging for clinicians treating children, from infancy
through adolescence. Addressing the Barriers to Pediatric Drug
Development is the summary of a workshop, held in Washington, D.C.
on June 13, 2006, that was organized to identify barriers to the
development and testing of drugs for pediatric populations, as well
as ways in which the system can be improved to facilitate better
treatments for children.
The Oklahoma City bombing, intentional crashing of airliners on
September 11, 2001, and anthrax attacks in the fall of 2001 have
made Americans acutely aware of the impacts of terrorism. These
events and continued threats of terrorism have raised questions
about the impact on the psychological health of the nation and how
well the public health infrastructure is able to meet the
psychological needs that will likely result. Preparing for the
Psychological Consequences of Terrorism highlights some of the
critical issues in responding to the psychological needs that
result from terrorism and provides possible options for
intervention. The committee offers an example for a public health
strategy that may serve as a base from which plans to prevent and
respond to the psychological consequences of a variety of terrorism
events can be formulated. The report includes recommendations for
the training and education of service providers, ensuring
appropriate guidelines for the protection of service providers, and
developing public health surveillance for preevent, event, and
postevent factors related to psychological consequences. Table of
Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1. Introduction: Rationale
for a Public Health Response to the Psychological Consequences of
Terrorism 2. Understanding the Psychological Consequences of
Traumatic Events, Disasters, and Terrorism 3. Current
Infrastructure in the United States for Responding to the
Psychological Consequences of Terrorism 4. Developing Strategies
for Minimizing the Psychological Consequences of Terrorism Through
Prevention, Intervention, and Health Promotion 5. Conclusions and
Recommendations for Effective Prevention and Response References
Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods Appendix B: Committee and
Staff Biographies
A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program provides a broad
evaluation of the Title X family planning program since its
establishment in 1970. The program successfully provides family
planning services to its target audience of low-income individuals,
but there is room for improvement. While the program's core goals
are apparent, a secondary set of changing priorities has emerged
without a clear, evidence-based strategic process. Also, funding
for the program has increased in actual dollars, but has not kept
pace with inflation or increased costs. Several aspects of the
program's structure could be improved to increase the ability of
Title X to meet the needs of its target population. At the same
time, the extent to which the program meets those needs cannot be
assessed without a greater capacity for long-term data collection.
A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program recommends several
specific steps to enhance the management and improve the quality of
the program, as well as to demonstrate its direct contribution to
important end results, such as reducing rates of unintended
pregnancy, cervical cancer, and infertility. The book will guide
the Office of Family Planning toward improving the effectiveness of
the program. Other parties who will find the research and
recommendations valuable include programs receiving Title X funding
from the Office of Family Planning, policy makers, researchers, and
professional organizations. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary
1 Introduction 2 Overview of Family Planning in the United States 3
Title X Goals, Priorities, and Accomplishments 4 Program Management
and Administration 5 Collection of Data to Measure Program Outcomes
References Appendixes Appendix A: Data Sources and Methods Appendix
B: Population Research and Voluntary Family Planning Programs
Appendix C: Title X Family Planning Program Regulations Appendix D:
Program Guidelines for Project Grants for Family Planning Services
Appendix E: Family Planning Program Assessment Rating Tool Appendix
F: Committee Site Visits Appendix G: *Family Planning Annual
Report* Data Elements Appendix H Summary of Previous Title X
Evaluations and Reviews Appendix I: Title X and OPA-Funded Research
Appendix J: Organization, Funding, and Management of the Title X
Program Appendix K: Measurement of Quality in the Title X Family
Planning Program Appendix L: Committee and Staff Biographies
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