This book approaches the religion and rituals of the pre-Islamic Arabian nomads using the Safaitic inscriptions. Unlike Islamic-period literary sources, this material was produced by practitioners of traditional Arabian religion; the inscriptions are eyewitnesses to the religious life of Arabian nomads prior to the spread of Judaism and Christianity across Arabia. The author attempts to reconstruct this world using the original words of its inhabitants, interpreted through comparative philology, pre-Islamic and Islamic-period literary sources, and the archaeological context.

The Damascus Palm Fragment investigates Arabic's transformative historical phase, the passage from the pre-Islamic to the Islamic period, through a new approach. It asks, What would Arabic's early history look like if we wrote it based on the documentary evidence? The book frames this question through the linguistic investigation of the Damascus Psalm Fragment (PF), the longest Arabic text composed in Greek letters from the early Islamic period. It is argued that its language is a witness to the Arabic vernacular of the early Islamic period, and then moves to understand its relationship with Arabic of the pre-Islamic period, the Qur'anic Consonantal Text, and the first Islamic century papyri, arguing that all of this material belongs to a dialectal complex that we call Old Higazi. The book concludes by presenting a scenario for the emergence of standard Classical Arabic as the literary language of the late eighth century and beyond. This is the second volume to appear in the new Oriental Institute series - Late Antique and Medieval Islamic Near East (LAMINE) - which aims to publish a variety of scholarly works, including monographs, edited volumes, critical text editions, translations, studies of corpora of documents, in short any work that offers a significant contribution to understanding the Near East between roughly 200 and 1000 CE.