This book covers the following on a wide variety of surgery cases such as general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic and traumatology, otorhinolaryngology-head, and oncology. Other topics related to surgery in this volume include anesthesiology, oncology, and anatomical pathology. This book provides an authentic, fresh, and educational case in each section. The purpose of this book is to contribute some perspective on basic science and clinical evidence of unusual case, which will give educational benefit to our readers. In addition, this volume is designed to meet the demand of practitioners to face challenging and unexpected cases in the surgical field, which readers will find very helpful. This valuable book contains 38 real cases in surgery. Access to case scenario is given at the beginning, followed by physical examination, differential diagnosis, and management in surgery. We emphasize in evidence-based medicine to expand the knowledge of surgical education and practice. The explanation was conducted understandably, and key learning points were summed up to help the readers. We believe that our readers will find this text, written by our best practitioners and specialists, very informative and useful.