Pollution status, environmental protection, and renewable energy production in Marine systems are the main targets of this book that represent the contents of the third volume of the Blue Biotechnology Journal, published by Nova Science publishers, New York, USA. The book is divided into 20 Chapters. The first chapter reviews the environmental protection from thermodynamic properties, the performance of refrigeration cycles and air-conditioning. The second chapter represents the pollution status along the Red Sea. During last ten years of twenty century till now, inorganic and organic pollutants has been detected in many sites of the Red Sea. The third chapter covers the adsorption of the anionic dye Direct Red 23 onto new activated carbons developed from Cynara cardunculus: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. The fourth chapter reports the Mercury as toxic metals levels in surface sediments along Alexandria west coast, Egypt. The fifth chapter investigates the effects of essential and non-essential metals on the human health. Chapter six covers a review of oceanography and topography of the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf. Chapter seventh reports the marine plankton and genus Ceratium in the west coast of the Red Sea. Chapter eight covers the energy efficiency improvement utilising high Technology: The path forward for renewable energy use in industry, buildings and sustainable development 183. The ninth chapter investigates the bioethanol production from shrimp shell waste Using Marine Alcaligenes feacalis MS7 and Candida albicans ATCC 14053. The tenth chapter covers the comparison of two packages for tidal analysis and prediction: an exemplar case study of Abu-Qir Bay, Alexandria, Egypt. Chapter eleven reports the physico-chemical studies of Suez Canal water from port said to Suez for its evaluation and protection. Chapter twelve covers the morphological structure of bays and sharms as a factor affecting in distribution of marine physics parameters, the Red Sea. Chapter thirteen investigates the suitability of Lake Mariut Drainage System (Qalaa and Umum Drains Waters) for Water Reuse. Chapter fourteen reports the water and nutrient budgets of Lake Burullus, Egypt. Chapter fifteen covers the geological model delineation of sub-marine system channels in west delta deep marine concession, Egypt. Chapter sixteen reports the synthesis and antimicrobial of 5-(4'-bromobenzyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-amine derivatives. Chapter seventeen recorded the isolation and characterisation of chitinolytic actinomycetes from estuarine origin in South India. Chapter eighteen reports the isolation of extremely halophilic bacterium Bacillus trueperi. RRJS1 optimised with physico-chemical factors and nutritional sources for protease activity. Chapter nineteen investigates the toxicological studies on the Red Sea Pufferfish Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) and River Nile Pufferfish Tetraodon lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Chapter twenty reports the studies on the various allometric relationships in the intertidal horse mussel Modiolus auriculatus of the Red Sea, Egypt.

Heavy metals, algae, and microbial activities in marine systems are the main targets of this book. The book is divided into 8 sections and covers heavy metal assessment, bio-monitoring of organic pollutants, pollutant removal, biota, biological activity, algae, energy, and global systems and greenhouse environments.

This is a compilation of current research, developments and applications into the many aspects of marine biotechnology. This book includes novel and innovative works that contribute to the achievements of blue biotechnology research, and which focus on the world's oceans as the next frontier for intensive biological investigation, resource development and management, and derivative industrial applications.

Human activities may contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earth's atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and the halocarbons, a group of gases containing fluorine, chlorine and bromine linked to carbon), aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness. The largest known contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide, water vapour and other gases to the atmosphere. Significant increases in all of these gases have occurred in the industrial era because most of these gases accumulate in the atmosphere, causing concentrations to increase with time. This book presents and discusses the latest research in the climate change field and its relation to pollution.

Fiber is a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces, similar to lengths of thread. Fibers are very important in the biology of both plants and animals for holding tissues together. Plants yielding fibers have been only second to food plants in their usefulness to humans and their influence on the furthering of civilization. Textiles stand next to agriculture as an income generation activity for most of the rural population. The structure of the fabric is as much a determining factor in its functions, as it is the choice of raw material. Some structures of the fabric lend themselves to any specific end use where as many other structures are versatile lending them to a variety of functions and end users. Good understandings of simple woven structures make it possible to apply them in the woven cloth in a variety of ways. This book discussed recent studies in different branches of textile research.

Environmental pollution is known as any deterioration in the physical, chemical and biological quality of the environment. The pollutants fall under the broad category of xenobiotic compounds and are released into the environment by the actions of human and occur at concentrations higher than "natural levels". Environmental pollution can be implied by any alternation in the surroundings. All types of environmental pollution may affect directly or indirectly the living organisms and particularly human health. The textile industry is amongst the major contributors to environmental pollution but it is very important for the nation's economy. This book provides the latest research on a non-conventional method effective in treatment of textile wastewater.

The book describes the oil spill and its fate in the marine environment and clarifies how to treat and reduce oil input in coastal and offshore waters. How much oil is entering the world-wide marine environment is also discussed. The ecological impacts of oil spills and the hazardous effects of petroleum on marine habitats are also discussed.

In the 21st century, the fate of the environment has become a critical issue in both developed and developing countries throughout the world. The environment is considered the surroundings in which an organism operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. Water pollution, poor air quality, global warming, acid rain, ozonosphere hole, etc., these issues are featured regularly in our newspapers, news reports and TV programs. Pollution has been used quite freely for many years without a clear definition, and it is generally accepted that environmental pollution can be defined as the contamination of air, water, or soil in such a manner as to cause real or potential harm to human health or well-being, or to damage or harm non-human nature without justification. The purpose of this book is to document the latest research in this field.