The fifth volume of Rudolf Ahlswede's lectures on Information Theory focuses on several problems that were at the heart of a lot of his research. One of the highlights of the entire lecture note series is surely Part I of this volume on arbitrarily varying channels (AVC), a subject in which Ahlswede was probably the world's leading expert. Appended to Part I is a survey by Holger Boche and Ahmed Mansour on recent results concerning AVC and arbitrarily varying wiretap channels (AVWC). After a short Part II on continuous data compression, Part III, the longest part of the book, is devoted to distributed information. This Part includes discussions on a variety of related topics; among them let us emphasize two which are famously associated with Ahlswede: "multiple descriptions", on which he produced some of the best research worldwide, and "network coding", which had Ahlswede among the authors of its pioneering paper. The final Part IV on "Statistical Inference under Communication constraints" is mainly based on Ahlswede's joint paper with Imre Csiszar, which received the Best Paper Award of the IEEE Information Theory Society. The lectures presented in this work, which consists of 10 volumes, are suitable for graduate students in Mathematics, and also for those working in Theoretical Computer Science, Physics, and Electrical Engineering with a background in basic Mathematics. The lectures can be used either as the basis for courses or to supplement them in many ways. Ph.D. students will also find research problems, often with conjectures, that offer potential subjects for a thesis. More advanced researchers may find questions which form the basis of entire research programs.

Bioinformatics provides both the platform technologies that enable scientists to deal with the large amounts of data produced through their biological experiment as well as the approach to interpret these data. Bioinformatics tools can be applied from single cells to whole ecosystems and give the modern scientists new skills. Those skill enabled modern biologist to gain better insight in the complexity of cell biology and genomics, understanding the genotype-phenotype connection for plant diseases, understanding structure to function relationships for proteins, and understanding biological network, finding similar genes (homolog and paralogs) in the DNA sequences of various organisms, developing methods to predict the structure and/or function of newly discovered proteins and structural RNA sequences, clustering protein sequences into families of related sequences and the development of protein models and aligning similar proteins and generating phylogenetic trees to examine evolutionary relationships. This book is a collection of my articles about some bioinformatics applications and tools.

Large-scale sequencing of different genomes has produced an unprecedented wealth of information about the origin, diversity and genomic impact of repetitive sequences, what were once thought to be "junk DNA." Repetitive sequences in complex genomes contain large portions of transposable elements (TEs). The movement and accumulation of TEs represent a major force shaping the genes and genomes of almost all organisms. Through evolution, individual elements from repetitive families acquired diverse biological roles. Recently, autonomous TEs, generally considered as selfish, have been found to encode proteins that are of interest for the host cell and have been recruited to add new cellular functions. This book will focus on recent research studies on transposons which mainly fall in three categories: activation, evolution and molecular markers.

Twelve mango cultivars grown in the Egypt were discriminated by their seed SDS-protein and PCR- based molecular markers. For PCR analysis three different techniquess were used including novel technique. Comparitive analysis were conductied beween the two old technique, ISSR and RAPD, and the novel tecnique, three primers-based RAPD. The cultivar- specific markers represented 24.46%of the total markers (regardless of type of analysis), 88.89% of them were RAPD markers. Most of these markers were scored for the presence of unique bands. Cultivar- specific markers were shown to be useful in constructing linkage map that involve any polymorphic gene(s). Dendrogram tree generated across SDS-protein, RAPD, ISSR and three promers- based analysis. Constructed dendrograms for results, individually or collectively, revealed that similarity and clustering is dependant on the marker system used.

Plant tolerance to heat stress proved to be entirely dependent on the signaling flow of information by which the plant can sense the changes in its surrounding environment and signal its genes to respond by producing special proteins to protect it-self. Any changes or manipulations in this signaling flow of information will presumably lead to a modification in the genetic expression inside the plant cells, consequently, changing plant performance. Understanding these signaling events in response to heat may help us to produce heat tolerant plants capable to stand high temperature stress. In the present investigation, the results showed that a heat activated MAP kinase cascade, involving heat activated MAP kinase (HAMK), played an essential role in heat shock gene expression in tobacco BY-2 cells. In order to determine if heat activation of HAMK involved additional pathways of signaling we studied the upstream regulation of HAMK, including membrane fluidization and reorganization of cytoskeleton. The activation of HAMK and accumulation of heat responsive HSFs, HSP70 and HSP27 proteins were used as end-point markers in these experiments. It is concluded that the heat shock response, as measured by HAMK activation and heat shock proteins accumulation required PKC activation, membrane fluidization and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. A comparative bioinformatic explanation of similarities between tobacco heat shock genes and their counterparts in different organisms revealed a high degree of evolutionary conservation in the corresponding domains, indicating similar function in different species.