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The fifth volume of Rudolf Ahlswede's lectures on Information
Theory focuses on several problems that were at the heart of a lot
of his research. One of the highlights of the entire lecture note
series is surely Part I of this volume on arbitrarily varying
channels (AVC), a subject in which Ahlswede was probably the
world's leading expert. Appended to Part I is a survey by Holger
Boche and Ahmed Mansour on recent results concerning AVC and
arbitrarily varying wiretap channels (AVWC). After a short Part II
on continuous data compression, Part III, the longest part of the
book, is devoted to distributed information. This Part includes
discussions on a variety of related topics; among them let us
emphasize two which are famously associated with Ahlswede:
"multiple descriptions", on which he produced some of the best
research worldwide, and "network coding", which had Ahlswede among
the authors of its pioneering paper. The final Part IV on
"Statistical Inference under Communication constraints" is mainly
based on Ahlswede's joint paper with Imre Csiszar, which received
the Best Paper Award of the IEEE Information Theory Society. The
lectures presented in this work, which consists of 10 volumes, are
suitable for graduate students in Mathematics, and also for those
working in Theoretical Computer Science, Physics, and Electrical
Engineering with a background in basic Mathematics. The lectures
can be used either as the basis for courses or to supplement them
in many ways. Ph.D. students will also find research problems,
often with conjectures, that offer potential subjects for a thesis.
More advanced researchers may find questions which form the basis
of entire research programs.
Bioinformatics provides both the platform technologies that enable
scientists to deal with the large amounts of data produced through
their biological experiment as well as the approach to interpret
these data. Bioinformatics tools can be applied from single cells
to whole ecosystems and give the modern scientists new skills.
Those skill enabled modern biologist to gain better insight in the
complexity of cell biology and genomics, understanding the
genotype-phenotype connection for plant diseases, understanding
structure to function relationships for proteins, and understanding
biological network, finding similar genes (homolog and paralogs) in
the DNA sequences of various organisms, developing methods to
predict the structure and/or function of newly discovered proteins
and structural RNA sequences, clustering protein sequences into
families of related sequences and the development of protein models
and aligning similar proteins and generating phylogenetic trees to
examine evolutionary relationships. This book is a collection of my
articles about some bioinformatics applications and tools.
Large-scale sequencing of different genomes has produced an
unprecedented wealth of information about the origin, diversity and
genomic impact of repetitive sequences, what were once thought to
be "junk DNA." Repetitive sequences in complex genomes contain
large portions of transposable elements (TEs). The movement and
accumulation of TEs represent a major force shaping the genes and
genomes of almost all organisms. Through evolution, individual
elements from repetitive families acquired diverse biological
roles. Recently, autonomous TEs, generally considered as selfish,
have been found to encode proteins that are of interest for the
host cell and have been recruited to add new cellular functions.
This book will focus on recent research studies on transposons
which mainly fall in three categories: activation, evolution and
molecular markers.
Twelve mango cultivars grown in the Egypt were discriminated by
their seed SDS-protein and PCR- based molecular markers. For PCR
analysis three different techniquess were used including novel
technique. Comparitive analysis were conductied beween the two old
technique, ISSR and RAPD, and the novel tecnique, three
primers-based RAPD. The cultivar- specific markers represented
24.46%of the total markers (regardless of type of analysis), 88.89%
of them were RAPD markers. Most of these markers were scored for
the presence of unique bands. Cultivar- specific markers were shown
to be useful in constructing linkage map that involve any
polymorphic gene(s). Dendrogram tree generated across SDS-protein,
RAPD, ISSR and three promers- based analysis. Constructed
dendrograms for results, individually or collectively, revealed
that similarity and clustering is dependant on the marker system
used.
Plant tolerance to heat stress proved to be entirely dependent on
the signaling flow of information by which the plant can sense the
changes in its surrounding environment and signal its genes to
respond by producing special proteins to protect it-self. Any
changes or manipulations in this signaling flow of information will
presumably lead to a modification in the genetic expression inside
the plant cells, consequently, changing plant performance.
Understanding these signaling events in response to heat may help
us to produce heat tolerant plants capable to stand high
temperature stress. In the present investigation, the results
showed that a heat activated MAP kinase cascade, involving heat
activated MAP kinase (HAMK), played an essential role in heat shock
gene expression in tobacco BY-2 cells. In order to determine if
heat activation of HAMK involved additional pathways of signaling
we studied the upstream regulation of HAMK, including membrane
fluidization and reorganization of cytoskeleton. The activation of
HAMK and accumulation of heat responsive HSFs, HSP70 and HSP27
proteins were used as end-point markers in these experiments. It is
concluded that the heat shock response, as measured by HAMK
activation and heat shock proteins accumulation required PKC
activation, membrane fluidization and reorganization of the
cytoskeleton. A comparative bioinformatic explanation of
similarities between tobacco heat shock genes and their
counterparts in different organisms revealed a high degree of
evolutionary conservation in the corresponding domains, indicating
similar function in different species.
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