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Despite its portrayal as a bold departure, the Bush Doctrine was
not the "new" or "revolutionary" policy instrument that many at the
time portended. This work seeks to argue that while it was clear
that the Bush Doctrine certainly qualified as a preventive war
policy, it is apparent that the adoption of this strategy did not
mark a total break with American tradition or earlier
Administrations. Warren seeks to dispel arguments pertaining to the
supposed "radical" nature of the Bush Doctrine -- based on
comparisons with previous National Security Strategies and previous
Administrations' penchant for prevention. However, the work also
highlights that what was new and bold about the Bush
Administration's National Security Strategy of 2002, was its
willingness to embrace reinvigorating a nuclear option that could
ultimately be used in the context of preventive war. While Obama
has struck bold rhetorical notes and promises in relation to
limiting the role of nuclear weapons, he has stopped short of
changing the status quo on critical issues that have lingered since
the Cold War -- such as tactical nuclear weapons and keeping
missiles on alert. This book's final section examines the extent to
which Obama has attempted to adjust' the nuclear option with the
recent release of the congressionally mandated Nuclear Posture
Review (NPR). Offering new insights into the Bush doctrine and
providing a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the US
nuclear weapons strategy, this volume will be of great interest to
scholars and students of American foreign policy, security studies
and international relations.
This collection examines the extent to which nuclear weapons
modernization has become a significant point of concern and
consideration in international security. Recent statements and
substantial investments by nuclear weapon possessor states in the
upkeep and modernization of their nuclear postures - particularly
the United States, Russia and China - illustrate a return of
primacy and the salience of nuclear forces in international
politics. The upgrading of systems, the introduction of new
capabilities, the intermingling of new technologies, and the
advancement of new strategic models, are all indicative of their
elevation in importance and reliance. With contributions from
leading thinkers in the nuclear weapons domain, this book
elucidates the global strategic and policy implications such
modernization efforts by the above-mentioned states will have on
international security. In unpacking and conceptualizing this
developing source of potential (in)security and tension, the
collection not only provides a technical context, but also frames
the likely effects modernization could have on the relations
between these nuclear weapon powers and the larger impact upon
efforts to curb nuclear weapons - both in terms of horizontal and
vertical proliferation. The chapters have been arranged so as to
inform a variety of stakeholders, from academics to policy-makers,
by connecting analytical and normative insights, and thereby,
advancing debates pertaining to where nuclear modernization sits as
a point of global security consternation in the 21st century.
This book comprehensively outlines and evaluates the key Obama
nuclear weapons policies, developments and initiatives from
2008-2012. Beginning with the administration's vision and goals
posited in the 2009 Prague Speech and reaffirmed in the National
Security Strategy of 2010, the book assesses the congressionally
mandated Nuclear Posture Review, the New START Treaty, the pursuit
of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ratification, the
Proliferation Security Initiative, the Fissile Material Cut-off
Treaty, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Review Conference, the Global
Nuclear Security Summit - and the extent to which Obama, in the
context of such initiatives, has actually upheld the lofty goals
posited in Prague and differentiated himself from the nuclear path
pursued by the Bush Administration. Additionally, the book
evaluates the Obama Administration's dealings with other states in
the context of its nuclear weapons policy - in particular, North
Korea, Iran, Pakistan, Israel, India, and China. Offering a
comprehensive analysis of the current status of the US nuclear
weapons strategy, this volume will be of great interest to scholars
and students of American foreign policy, security studies and
international relations.
This collection examines the extent to which nuclear weapons
modernization has become a significant point of concern and
consideration in international security. Recent statements and
substantial investments by nuclear weapon possessor states in the
upkeep and modernization of their nuclear postures - particularly
the United States, Russia and China - illustrate a return of
primacy and the salience of nuclear forces in international
politics. The upgrading of systems, the introduction of new
capabilities, the intermingling of new technologies, and the
advancement of new strategic models, are all indicative of their
elevation in importance and reliance. With contributions from
leading thinkers in the nuclear weapons domain, this book
elucidates the global strategic and policy implications such
modernization efforts by the above-mentioned states will have on
international security. In unpacking and conceptualizing this
developing source of potential (in)security and tension, the
collection not only provides a technical context, but also frames
the likely effects modernization could have on the relations
between these nuclear weapon powers and the larger impact upon
efforts to curb nuclear weapons - both in terms of horizontal and
vertical proliferation. The chapters have been arranged so as to
inform a variety of stakeholders, from academics to policy-makers,
by connecting analytical and normative insights, and thereby,
advancing debates pertaining to where nuclear modernization sits as
a point of global security consternation in the 21st century.
Despite its portrayal as a bold departure, the Bush Doctrine was
not the "new" or "revolutionary" policy instrument that many at the
time portended. This work seeks to argue that while it was clear
that the Bush Doctrine certainly qualified as a preventive war
policy, it is apparent that the adoption of this strategy did not
mark a total break with American tradition or earlier
Administrations. Warren seeks to dispel arguments pertaining to the
supposed "radical" nature of the Bush Doctrine - based on
comparisons with previous National Security Strategies and previous
Administrations' penchant for prevention. However, the work also
highlights that what was new and bold about the Bush
Administration's National Security Strategy of 2002, was its
willingness to embrace reinvigorating a nuclear option that could
ultimately be used in the context of preventive war. While Obama
has struck bold rhetorical notes and promises in relation to
limiting the role of nuclear weapons, he has stopped short of
changing the status quo on critical issues that have lingered since
the Cold War - such as tactical nuclear weapons and keeping
missiles on alert. This book's final section examines the extent to
which Obama has attempted to 'adjust' the nuclear option with the
recent release of the congressionally mandated Nuclear Posture
Review (NPR). Offering new insights into the Bush doctrine and
providing a comprehensive analysis of the current status of the US
nuclear weapons strategy, this volume will be of great interest to
scholars and students of American foreign policy, security studies
and international relations.
This book comprehensively outlines and evaluates the key Obama
nuclear weapons policies, developments and initiatives from
2008-2012. Beginning with the administration's vision and goals
posited in the 2009 Prague Speech and reaffirmed in the National
Security Strategy of 2010, the book assesses the congressionally
mandated Nuclear Posture Review, the New START Treaty, the pursuit
of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty ratification, the
Proliferation Security Initiative, the Fissile Material Cut-off
Treaty, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Review Conference, the Global
Nuclear Security Summit - and the extent to which Obama, in the
context of such initiatives, has actually upheld the lofty goals
posited in Prague and differentiated himself from the nuclear path
pursued by the Bush Administration. Additionally, the book
evaluates the Obama Administration's dealings with other states in
the context of its nuclear weapons policy - in particular, North
Korea, Iran, Pakistan, Israel, India, and China. Offering a
comprehensive analysis of the current status of the US nuclear
weapons strategy, this volume will be of great interest to scholars
and students of American foreign policy, security studies and
international relations.
This book will illustrate that despite the variations of nuclear
tensions during the Cold War period-from nuclear inception, to mass
proliferation, to arms control treaties and detente, through to an
intensification and "reasonable" conclusion (the INF Treaty and
START being case points)-the "lessons" over the last decade are
quickly being unlearned. Given debates surrounding the emerging
"new Cold War," the deterioration of relations between Russia and
the United States, and the concurrent challenges being made by key
nuclear states in obfuscating arms control mechanisms, this book
attempts to provide a much needed revisit into US presidential
foreign policy during the Cold War. Across nine chapters, the
monograph traces the United States' nuclear diplomacy and
Presidential strategic thought, transitioning across the early
period of Cold War arms racing through to the era's defining
conclusion. It will reveal that notwithstanding the heightened
periods when great power conflict seemed imminent, arms control
fora and seminal agreements were able to be devised, implemented,
and provided a needed base in bringing down the specter of a
cataclysmic nuclear war, as well as improving bilateral relations.
This volume will be of great interest to scholars and students of
American foreign policy, diplomatic history, security studies and
international relations.
This book draws critical attention to the core security challenges
that have defined U.S. foreign policy in relation to China and its
rise on the international stage. During the administrations of
Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama the traditional
safeguards and stabilizers to strategic competition were broadly
adhered to, albeit in some cases not without great difficulty.
Under the leadership of Donald Trump and China's Xi Jinping,
however, these bulwarks have alarmingly diminished. Abrupt
departures in engagement platforms and asserting regional defensive
postures have become the new norms. With brevity and nuance, this
book provides much needed connective tissue in examining these
departures and their antecedents across the Bush, Obama and Trump
administrations. It reveals Washington and Beijing are moving
towards a new period where, unlike previous ones, this one will be
characterised by an amplified preponderance of competition, and the
enhanced probability of conflict and confrontation.
This book explores how globalization and ubiquity of digital
technology combine to create specific global impacts, challenges
and opportunities. Although globalization is already associated
with the speeding up of interactions and change, digital
globalization is characterized by immediacy. The utter
pervasiveness opens new global vulnerabilities at international,
national, social and personal levels. The Digital Global
Condition examines the nature of digital globalization,
enabling us to not only inhabit a digital world, but also to
understand it, even to live well in it.
This book presents a range of analyses across the security
spectrum, bringing a deep understanding of core global security
challenges into contention with ongoing theoretical debates between
critical and traditional approaches. Chapters analyse the evolving
and shifting dynamics of geopolitics, prolonged armed conflicts,
large-scale public health emergencies, and economic fractures.
Additionally, authors discuss climate shocks, deepening social and
economic inequity, trends in nationalism and populism, gendered
violence, as well as challenges pertaining to cyber insecurity,
emerging technologies, nuclear weapons, and global terrorism. The
book illustrates how these unparalleled circumstances, taken
together with the epochal juncture expressed in the global
pandemic, have evolved and coalesced to redefine the many
complexities and oscillations of global security.
This book will illustrate that despite the variations of nuclear
tensions during the Cold War period-from nuclear inception, to mass
proliferation, to arms control treaties and detente, through to an
intensification and "reasonable" conclusion (the INF Treaty and
START being case points)-the "lessons" over the last decade are
quickly being unlearned. Given debates surrounding the emerging
"new Cold War," the deterioration of relations between Russia and
the United States, and the concurrent challenges being made by key
nuclear states in obfuscating arms control mechanisms, this book
attempts to provide a much needed revisit into US presidential
foreign policy during the Cold War. Across nine chapters, the
monograph traces the United States' nuclear diplomacy and
Presidential strategic thought, transitioning across the early
period of Cold War arms racing through to the era's defining
conclusion. It will reveal that notwithstanding the heightened
periods when great power conflict seemed imminent, arms control
fora and seminal agreements were able to be devised, implemented,
and provided a needed base in bringing down the specter of a
cataclysmic nuclear war, as well as improving bilateral relations.
This volume will be of great interest to scholars and students of
American foreign policy, diplomatic history, security studies and
international relations.
Examining the 21st century presidencies of the United States and
their comparative policies, strategies, attitudes and behaviours
towards the People's Republic of China. Comprehensively examines
the three 21st Century U.S. presidential administrations and their
foreign policies toward China Provides a detailed analysis of
Trump's first term in office Focuses on the key security challenges
relating to, among others, Chinese military modernization, South
and East China Seas, the Indo-Pacific region, the Belt and Road
Initiative, nuclear modernization This book draws critical
attention to the core security challenges that have defined U.S.
foreign policy in relation to China and its rise on the
international stage. During the administrations of Presidents
George W. Bush and Barack Obama the traditional safeguards and
stabilizers to strategic competition were broadly adhered to,
albeit in some cases not without great difficulty. Under the
leadership of Donald Trump and China's Xi Jinping, however, these
bulwarks have alarmingly diminished. Abrupt departures in
engagement platforms and asserting regional defensive postures have
become the new norms. With brevity and nuance, this book provides
much needed connective tissue in examining these departures and
their antecedents across the Bush, Obama and Trump administrations.
It reveals Washington and Beijing are moving towards a new period
where, unlike previous ones, this one will be characterised by an
amplified preponderance of competition, and the enhanced
probability of conflict and confrontation.
Since the Cold War, humanitarian interventions have transitioned
through a range of stages. These 12 essays focus on the challenges
associated with interventions, conflict and attendant human rights
violations, unmitigated and systematic violence, state re-building,
and issues associated with human mobility and dislocation. Each
chapter is linked to the rest through three defining themes that
permeate the book: the 'global and the local' in the context of
interventions; extending and broadening the definitions associated
with interventions; and mapping the evolution of interventions over
the last three decades.
Since the end of the Cold War, humanitarian interventions have
continued to evolve and respond to a wide range of political
crises. These insightful essays focus on the challenges associated
with interventions when facing conflict and human rights
violations, unmitigated systematic violence, state re-building,
human mobility and dislocation. Each chapter is linked to the rest
through three defining themes that permeate the book: the evolution
of humanitarian interventions in a global era; the limits of
sovereignty and the ethics of interventions; and the politics of
post-intervention: (re)-building and humanitarian engagement. The
authors incorporate a variety of case studies including Kosovo,
Timor-Leste, Syria, Libya and Iraq, and examine the complexity of
interventions across their different dimensions, including relevant
doctrines such as R2P, 'Use of Force' and Human Security.
American foreign policy has long been caught between conflicting
desires to influence world affairs yet at the same time to avoid
becoming entangled in the burdensome conflicts and damaging
rivalries of other states. Clearly, in the post-1945 context, the
United States has failed in the attaining the latter. As this new,
expanded edition illustrates, the term "doctrine" seemingly
(re)attained a charged prominence in the early twenty-first century
and, more recently, regarding the many contested debates
surrounding the controversial transition to the Biden
administration. Notwithstanding such marked variations in the
discourse, presidential doctrines have crafted responses and
directions conducive to an international order that best advances
American interests: an almost hubristic composition encompassing
"democratic" states (in the confidence that democracies do not go
to war with one another), open free markets (on the basis that they
elevate living standards, engender collaboration, and create
prosperity), self-determining states (on the supposition that
empires were not only adversative to freedom but more likely to
reject American influence), and a secure global environment in
which US goals can be pursued (ideally) unimpeded. Of course, with
the election of Donald J. Trump in 2016, the doctrinal
"commonalties" between Republican and Democratic administrations of
previous times were significantly challenged if not completely
jettisoned. In seeking to provide a much-needed reassessment of the
intersections between US foreign policy, national security, and
doctrine, Aiden Warren and Joseph M. Siracusa undertake a
comprehensive analysis of the defining presidential doctrines from
George Washington through to the epochal post-Trump, Joe Biden era.
American foreign policy has long been caught between conflicting
desires to influence world affairs yet at the same time to avoid
becoming entangled in the burdensome conflicts and damaging
rivalries of other states. Clearly, in the post-1945 context, the
United States has failed in the attaining the latter. As this new,
expanded edition illustrates, the term "doctrine" seemingly
(re)attained a charged prominence in the early twenty-first century
and, more recently, regarding the many contested debates
surrounding the controversial transition to the Biden
administration. Notwithstanding such marked variations in the
discourse, presidential doctrines have crafted responses and
directions conducive to an international order that best advances
American interests: an almost hubristic composition encompassing
"democratic" states (in the confidence that democracies do not go
to war with one another), open free markets (on the basis that they
elevate living standards, engender collaboration, and create
prosperity), self-determining states (on the supposition that
empires were not only adversative to freedom but more likely to
reject American influence), and a secure global environment in
which US goals can be pursued (ideally) unimpeded. Of course, with
the election of Donald J. Trump in 2016, the doctrinal
"commonalties" between Republican and Democratic administrations of
previous times were significantly challenged if not completely
jettisoned. In seeking to provide a much-needed reassessment of the
intersections between US foreign policy, national security, and
doctrine, Aiden Warren and Joseph M. Siracusa undertake a
comprehensive analysis of the defining presidential doctrines from
George Washington through to the epochal post-Trump, Joe Biden era.
Whether possessed by a state or non-state actor, the specter of
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), and more specifically, nuclear
weapons and their associated material, present a significant threat
to global security. Notwithstanding the fact that there are fewer
nuclear weapons today than the massive stockpiles that existed
during the height of the Cold War, the complexities relating to
nuclear security have in many ways intensified amid globalization
and porous borders. More states in volatile regions possess such
weapons, UN Security Council states are busily modernizing their
weapons, and non-states actors have made it clear their intention
to use such weapons should they attain them. The emerging prospect
of a cyber-attack, or a misunderstanding that could potentially
evolve into a limited regional nuclear war, would both have dire
global ramifications and are scenarios that should not be
considered farfetched. Additionally, concerns pertaining to
chemical and biological weapons, the associated ramifications
relating to nuclear terrorism, and broader limitations of the NPT
regime, all pose major challenges to global stability. In
considering all of these areas, this foundational primer for the
Rowman and Littlefield WMD Series seeks to inform and advance
policy debate in ways that support international security, while
also adding important connective tissue between analytical areas in
the IR and historical domains that often remain separate. Offering
a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and current status of
WMDs, this volume will be of great interest to scholars, analysts,
and students of security studies, international history, and
international relations.
Whether possessed by a state or non-state actor, the specter of
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs), and more specifically, nuclear
weapons and their associated material, present a significant threat
to global security. Notwithstanding the fact that there are fewer
nuclear weapons today than the massive stockpiles that existed
during the height of the Cold War, the complexities relating to
nuclear security have in many ways intensified amid globalization
and porous borders. More states in volatile regions possess such
weapons, UN Security Council states are busily modernizing their
weapons, and non-states actors have made it clear their intention
to use such weapons should they attain them. The emerging prospect
of a cyber-attack, or a misunderstanding that could potentially
evolve into a limited regional nuclear war, would both have dire
global ramifications and are scenarios that should not be
considered farfetched. Additionally, concerns pertaining to
chemical and biological weapons, the associated ramifications
relating to nuclear terrorism, and broader limitations of the NPT
regime, all pose major challenges to global stability. In
considering all of these areas, this foundational primer for the
Rowman and Littlefield WMD Series seeks to inform and advance
policy debate in ways that support international security, while
also adding important connective tissue between analytical areas in
the IR and historical domains that often remain separate. Offering
a comprehensive analysis of the evolution and current status of
WMDs, this volume will be of great interest to scholars, analysts,
and students of security studies, international history, and
international relations.
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