Bile acids (BAs) have received considerable attention as the key players of systemic metabolism. In the past, bile acids were known to play important roles in absorption of cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins, and lipids. However, the new roles of bile acids as signaling molecules have been recognised in the last two decades because of discovery of bile acid receptors such as nuclear hormone receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane receptor G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 5 (Gpbar1, TGR5). As the metabolic regulators, BAs play pivotal roles in the regulation of bile acid, cholesterol, fatty acid, lipoprotein synthesis, glucose metabolism and energy metabolism. Therefore, BAs, bile acid derivatives, and bile acid sequestrants are potential therapeutic agents for treating a number of metabolic disorders, especially those related to the metabolic syndrome. The first chapter of this book summarises the basic information of bile acids but focuses on its new functions in different diseases. The next chapter discusses mixed micelles of bile acid salts and phospholipids starting from historical Smalls disc model up to the advanced version as "stacked disk" and "radial shell". The final chapter studies bile aspiration as a host factor for modulating chronic respiratory infection.

It is a story about Diabetes and taking insulin for young kids.Although parents are of course primarily responsible for the care of their childs diabetes, it is important that the children themselves are aware that they too must take some responsibility. This book encourages children to follow the instructions given to them by their doctors and parents, to eat healthily, and to see their insulin injections as something brave that they do, that other children cannot Instead of viewing diabetes and their daily injections as something negative, the story encourages them to think of it as something that sets them apart from their peers in a positive way