Oil recovery efficiency can be increased by applying Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process which is based on improvement of mobility ratio, reduction of interfacial tension between oil and water, wettability alteration, reduction of oil viscosity, formation of oil bank and so forth. This book describes different EOR methods and their mechanisms which are conventionally used after conventional primary and secondary processes. Present scenario of different EOR processes both at the field application and research stages is also covered. Further, it discusses chemical EOR recovery, nanotechnology in EOR, low salinity water flooding, ECBM and enhanced recovery techniques for shale oil and gas. Features: Comprehensive coverage of all the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods. Discusses reservoir rock and fluid characteristics. Illustrates steps in design and field implementation as well as the screening criteria for process selection. Covers novel topics of nanotechnology in EOR and Hybrid EOR method and Low salinity waterfloods. Emphasis on the recent technologies, feasibility, and implementation of hybrid technologies. This book is aimed at graduate students, professionals, researchers, chemists, personnel involved in petroleum engineering, chemical engineering, surfactant manufacturing, polymer manufacturing, oil/gas service companies, carbon capture and utilization.

This book focuses on the use of natural surfactants in enhanced oil recovery, providing an overview of surfactants, their types, and different physical-chemical properties used to analyse the efficiency of surfactants. Natural surfactants discuss the history of the surfactants, their classification, and the use of surfactants in petroleum industry. Special attention has been paid to natural surfactants and their advantages over synthetic surfactants, including analysing their properties such as emulsification, interfacial tension, and wettability and how these can be used in EOR. This book offers an overview for researchers and graduate students in the fields of petroleum and chemical engineering, as well as oil and gas industry professionals.

Fine dispersion of gas into liquid is one of the most important criteria for momentum, mass and energy transfer between the phases. It not only provides an intense mixing but also creates increased interfacial area and high mass transfer coefficient. A comprehensive study have been done on the gas holdup, pressure drop and energy dissipation during the gas-liquid two-phase flow in an ejector induced downflow bubble column. Experimental results were analyzed by previously established models. Correlations were also developed to predict the gas entrainment, gas holdup, two-phase friction factor and frictional loss coefficients in terms of physical, dynamic variables and the system parameters. Studies have also been made to measure the interfacial area and mass transfer coefficient of the present system using chemical method. It has been found that interfacial area and mass transfer coefficients are strong functions of superficial gas velocity.