This book covers the seismic risk assessment of existing buildings based on hazard and vulnerability assessment. Hazard maps have been developed and vulnerability assessment of buildings was made by collecting inventory data and experimental study of typical existing buildings. Fragility curves for different types of buildings including single and double stories unreinforced brick masonry and concrete block masonry buildings, single, double and three stories confined brick masonry buildings, and double stories reinforced concrete buildings by using advanced capacity spectrum method (ACSM). Seismic risk has been established for all these buildings from hazard maps and corresponding fragility curves. The seismic risk determined from the hazard maps and fragility curves has been compared with the seismic risk calculated by using MAEviz software developed by Mid America Earthquake (MAE) Centre. It was found that Seismic risk for collapse prevention level is highest for unreinforced concrete block masonry buildings and similarly the seismic risk for confined brick masonry buildings is least. It was also concluded that the seismic risk for reinforced concrete buildings is minimum.