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Cervical cancer is the third most common malignancy in women
worldwide, and it remains a leading cause of cancer-related death
for women in developing countries. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
infection appears to be a necessary factor in the development of
almost all cases of cervical cancer. Cancer screening using the Pap
smear can identify precancerous changes in cervical cells.
Recognition of the etiologic role of HPV infection in cervical
cancer has led to the recommendation of adding HPV testing to the
screening regimen. However, women who have symptoms, abnormal
screening test results, or a gross lesion of the cervix are best
evaluated with colposcopy and biopsy. HPV vaccines are currently
approved for the prevention of HPV-associated cervical dysplasia
and neoplasia. Treatment of cervical cancer usually consists of
surgery in early stages, and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in
more advanced stages of the disease. This book provides a
comprehensive review of cervical cancer along with its risk factors
and screening, which will be of immense value for physicians and
allied health professionals.
The male and female reproductive systems consist of the gonads,
testes or ovaries; the reproductive tract; the external genitalia;
and the hypothalamic-pituitary unit. The functions of the
reproductive system are to produce and deliver gametes, spermatozoa
or oocytes, for sexual reproduction; and produce hormones that
regulate reproductive function and secondary sex characteristics.
Abnormalities in anatomic or physiologic function affect the
development and delivery of gametes, and potential fertility. This
book provides a comprehensive review of the anatomy and physiology
specific to reproduction, emphasizing developmental and hormonal
processes of gamete production, fertilization, implantation, and
embryonic development. This review has been designed to meet the
educational needs of physicians and allied health professionals who
care for couples experiencing infertility. By developing a clear
understanding of what is normal, you will better understand
abnormalities affecting reproduction and the mechanisms behind
treatment.
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