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Kelmscott Manor is forever linked with the name of William Morris,
pioneer conservationist and utopian socialist, designer and father
of the Arts and Crafts tradition. The manor played a crucial role
in shaping his thought: at the climactic moment of his futuristic
novel, News from Nowhere, Morris lifts the latch of the Manors
garden gate and finds his personal holy grail. Morris was drawn by
the organic relationship between Kelmscott and its landscape: the
linkage of stone walls and roof tiles to the geology and the soil,
and the honest toil of the people to the agricultural cycle . The
fruits of the Kelmscott Landcape Project established in 1996 by the
Society of Antiquaries of London, the owners of Kelmscott Manor
today, this book is a multi-faceted examination of Kelmscotts
history. Archaeology, from prehistory to the present day, the
architectural development of the Manor before and after Morris knew
it, and the art that the village and Manor have inspiredall
received rich, illustrated coverage. The result is a vivid portrait
of a Thames-side village transformed by its association with
Morris, a book which demonstrates the rich connections between
culture and landscape in a particular place.
Edition of records of Oxford apprentices provides valuable evidence
for historians. Oxford greatly expanded and flourished under the
Tudors, as the reviving University provided a growing body of
consumers and trade for shopkeepers and craftsmen. They needed
apprentices - and in huge numbers, as the material inthis volume
demonstrates. It calendars the enrolments of over two thousand
apprenticeship contracts made during this period; they are a
familiar source for social and economic history and genealogy, but
the Oxford material, in both quantity and detail, is quite
exceptional. Moreover, sixteenth-century enrolments are much fuller
than their more familiar seventeenth-century successors, containing
miscellaneous information of great interest, notably lists
ofworking tools, details of journeymen's wages, and stipulations
about apprentices' behaviour. The data is discussed in an
Introduction which re-examines the apprenticeship system on the
basis of the unusually plentiful statistics, throwing new light on
such matters as length of service, payment of premiums, and the
rates of career failure and success. Oxford recruited apprentices
from an astonishingly wide area; their places of origin are
identified and mapped, and an analysis of their social and
geographical origins breaks new ground in the field of migration
studies. More prosaically the calendar provides the genealogist and
local historian with the names, parentage, and places of origin of
thousands of young men from all over England and Wales - crucial
raw material for much-needed further research.on the later
movements of qualified apprentices. Alan Crossley is a member of
the modern history faculty, University of Oxford.
The latest volume of the British Historic Towns Atlas series covers
the internationally-renowned city of Oxford. Famed for its
university and its many outstanding historic buildings, the volume
presents in mapped form the history of its topographical
development. From its prehistoric setting, through its contentious
Anglo-Saxon foundation, the medieval establishment of its
university, and its sporadic growth after that, the Atlas charts
how it became a nineteenth-century city dominated by colleges,
churches, university buildings, and its associated publishing
industry. The Atlas is presented as a large-format portfolio
containing a series of maps showing the city at key points in its
history, many illustrations of its buildings and streets, maps to
show its setting, and reproduction early maps of the city. A
readable text introduces and explains the maps, giving the reader a
thorough grounding in how and why Oxford developed, and an
explanation of its changing fortunes. A supplementary chapter
brings the situation up to date. Whilst many histories of the
university have been written, the Atlas concentrates on the
topographic development of Oxford as a settlement, and explains it
in mapped form. A comprehensive gazetteer lists every building and
street shown on the maps, with a short history and references for
further reading.
This volume contains the histories of five ancient parishes in the
west of Oxfordshire near the river Thames, comprising the small
town of Bampton and some 13 villages and hamlets. Though chiefly
looking to markets at Witney and Oxford the area was long dominated
by Bampton, the centre of a large Anglo-Saxon estate, site of a
late Anglo-Saxon minster, and formerly a market town. A detailed
account is given of the town's topography, buildings, and economic
developments and the organization of the local landscape from an
early date is explored. Most villages were nucleated, and despite
some controversial early inclosures, notably at Northmoor,
open-field farming prevailed until the 19th century. A few
scattered hamlets and farmsteads resulted probably from woodland
clearance or late colonization, and several settlements were shrunk
or deserted in the late Middle Ages. Standlake had a medieval
market and fair, and until the late 17th century there was textile
and leather working notably at Standlake and Bampton. Important
buildings include the former Bampton castle, the 15th-century
timber-framed manor house at Yelford, and Cokethorpe House. Bampton
church is of unusual size and quality, and carvings in Ducklington
church may be associated with a late medieval cult of the Virgin.
Cote was an important centre of religious noncon-formity from the
17th century.
This volume contains the history of the four large parishes in
north Oxfordshire that formed the hundred of Banbury: Banbury,
Charlbury, Cropredy, and Swal-cliffe. The four parishes do not
constitute a single, compact area, and are linked together because
they belonged in the early Middle Ages to the bishops of Lincoln
and probably represent ancient estates exempted from royal dues for
the benefit of the bishops' predecessors in the see of Dorchester.
Banbury itself contains an early castle and represents the
successful estab-lishment of a 'new town' in the 12th century. From
1554 to 1832 it was a parliamentary borough; it was widely known
for its Puritanism, and won a place in literature not only for the
Banbury Cross of the nursery rhyme but also for its cakes, cheese,
and ale. Its character as a market town was changed by industrial
growth in the 19th century, the traditional textile industries
yielding to the manufacture of agricultural implements, which was
in turn over-shadowed in the 20th century by food-manufacture,
light engineering, and alu-minium. By contrast, Charlbury, lying 14
miles south-west of Banbury, is a small and relatively little-known
market town which was a centre of the gloving industry. Both
Charlbury and the rural parishes of Cropredy and Swalcliffe are
unusually well documented because they contained exten-sive estates
of abbeys and colleges. Each of the four parishes contains several
separate villages, and, in all, the volume covers an area of over
20,000 acres and more than 20 settlements.
This volume contains the histories of 19 parishes in the northern
part of Wootton hundred, stretching from Stonesfield, Wootton, and
Tackley in the south to Deddington, Barford St. Michael, and South
Newington in the north; the other parishes are Glympton, Heythrop,
Rousham, Sandford St. Martin, the Astons, the Bartons, the Wortons,
and the three Tews. The area, bounded on the east by the river
Cherwell and on part of the west by the river Glyme, contains the
small, well documented, market town of Deddington, two outstanding
country houses at Heythrop and Rousham, and many other notable
secular and ecclesiastical buildings. Probably the best known
village is Great Tew, whose development is here reinterpreted in
the light of new evidence. The many deserted village sites in the
area are treated in detail, and special attention has been given to
the arrangement of open fields, of which a local feature was the
development within a single vill of two separate sets of fields,
known as ends or sides, as at Deddington, Duns Tew, and South
Newington. The complex arrangements for the periodical division of
common meadows are well documented in some parishes, particularly
North Aston. A feature of religious life in the area was the
establishment at Nether and Over Worton in the early 19th century
of a strong, locally influential, tradition of evangelical
Anglicanism. The volume is illustrated with 20 pages of plates, two
church plans, and numerous parish and village maps.
Records of the crimes committed in Oxford, and the punishment meted
out, reveal much of life at the time. Most historical studies of
English justices of the peace have concentrated on the work of
county commissions, leaving the sparser records of city and borough
justices largely neglected. This early order book of the city of
Oxford's justices in quarter sessions illustrates the special
problems of an urban magistracy in a rather special place, at a
time when both university and city were feeling the strain of rapid
population growth in a cramped environment.It shows, sometimes in
harrowing detail, how the Oxford Bench [an unusual mix of
shopkeepers, brewers, lawyers, and university dons] struggled to
control crime, vagrancy, disorder, and poverty in a divided
community. Much of thebusiness of these early seventeenth-century
courts would be all too familiar to the modern magistrate: an
endless stream of cases of petty larceny, assault, abusive
behaviour, unlicensed ale-selling; hopeless recidivists testing the
patience of the court to its limit. The sanctions available to the
seventeenth-century JP, however, were very different, fines and
imprisonment being much less common than consignment to the
whipping post, the cage, the stocks,the ducking stool, the House of
Correction and, when all else failed, the gallows.
Part of a series covering all English counties, this volume
provides an historical account of the county of Oxford, including
the southern part of Wootton Hundred, the towns of Eynsham and
Woodstock, and the parishes of Begbrooke, Bladon, Cassington,
Cogges, Combe, and Wolvercote.
A full colour map, based on a digitised map of the city of Oxford
in 1876, with its medieval past overlain and important buildings
picked out. Oxford is synonymous with its university but deserves
to be known as a city in its own right as well. What the map shows
is a city of different parts: areas where the base map of 1876
might still be used today, and parts which are now quite
unrecognisable. This second edition of a map first issued in 2015
has been updated and revised to reflect further the editor's recent
research. The opportunity has been taken to update the gazetteer of
buildings and sites of interest and it is now printed in full
colour throughout. The map's cover has a short introduction to the
city's history, and on the reverse an illustrated and comprehensive
gazetteer of Oxford's main sites of interest, from medieval
monasteries to Oxford castle and the working class and industrial
areas that lay just beyond the 'dreaming spires' of the city
centre.
Oxford was an important town long before it acquired fame as the
seat of a university. This landmark volume, lauded on its first
publication as 'a compendium and a treasure house', traces the
history of the city from its earliest origins to the rise of the
20th-century motor industry, exploring as well the complex and
changing relationship between 'town and gown'. The book is in two
parts, the first of which provides a chronological narrative of
Oxford's development, and of its social, economic and civic life.
The second comprises detailed encyclopaedic accounts of particular
topics and institutions.
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