Free-standing ideas form systems when random facts coalescing in a set of abstract propositions can be shown logically to cohere. We know that that is so when ideas intersect and can be shown to accommodate new problems and generate answers to fresh questions. The system exhibits its cogency by fixing upon one thing and saying it in many ways. That emerges when the evidence of a particular conception of the social order turns out to concern itself with a generative question and to recapitulate an answer that is repeated many times over. In that way the writings that in theory form a system of the social order signal their logic by what they deem self-evident. The essays address writings of formative Judaism in the time of the Mishnah and the Talmud, the first six centuries of the Common Era, and formative Christianity in the first six centuries of the Common Era. They take up a common program of categories and consequent convictions: where Judaism and Christianity intersected. This seeks not just random points of agreement but fundamental structural congruence: the confluence of systems. That inquiry concerns shared organizing categories of religion and ethics of the two faiths. What concerns us is how Scriptures held in common produced a single construction of history and a common view of culture and society.

The late Karl-Johan Illman was a professor of Biblical and Judaic studies at Abo Akademi University in Abo/Turku, Finland. A beloved and respected figure in the Judeo-Christian dialogue and an accomplished scholar of Judaism, he is remembered in this memorial volume by leading scholars of Biblical and Judaic studies in Europe and North America.

Brill, in collaboration with The Museum of Jewish Heritage (New York) and Continuum (New York) proudly presents "The Encyclopaedia of Judaism," published in Fall 1999. This carefully crafted, three-volume work includes every topic necessary to systematically describe the Jewish faith in all its complexity and wonder. Comprehensive and up-to-date, it reflects the highest standards in scholarship. "The Encyclopaedia of Judaism" is presented in an informative, yet readable style intended for a wide-range of reading interests. Covering a tradition of nearly four thousand years, some of the most distinguished scholars in the field describe the way of life, history, art, theology, philosophy, and the practices and beliefs of the Jewish people. Written for readers of all backgrounds "The Encyclopaedia of Judaism" is a fully international work with more than 120 essays written by respected scholars from many different countries and backgrounds.