Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

J. S. BACH BY ALBERT SCHWEITZER DR. THEOL., DR. MED. DR. PHIL., STRASBOURG HON, MIT8. DOC, EDINBURGH. HON. D. 0., OXON. HON. LL. D., ST. ANDREWS TRANSLATED BT ERNEST NEWMAN PREFACE BY C. M. WIDOR VOLUME I WITH THREE PLATES NEW YORK THE MACMILLAN COMPANY TO FRAU MATHILDE SCHWEITZER IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE TRANSLATORS FOREWORD. Within the last few years Bach research has made a notable advance. Among the books that have contributed to this progress, that of Dr, Albert Schweitzer takes a leading place. It is equally valuable on the xsthetic and the practical sides its convincing demonstration of the pictorial bent of Bachs mind must necessarily lead to a reconsideration not only of the older view of Bach as a mainly abstract musician, but of the aesthetics of music in general while the chapters on the right manner of per forming Bachs works throw many a new light on this obscure subject. Most of all are correct ideas on this latter point invaluable now, when Bach is beginning, as one hopes, to win his due popularity among not only musicians but music lovers as a whole, The present translation has been made from the German version of Dr, Schweitzers book 1908, which is itself a greatly expanded version of a French original published in 1905, The text, however, has been largely altered and added to at Dr. Schweitzers request. The English edition is thus fuller and more correct even than the German. Like most other translators I have found it convenient - and indeed necessary to preserve the word clavier to cover all the seventeenth and eighteenth century instru ments the harpsichord, clavichord, clavicembalo, c of the type now represented by the pianoforte. For the benefit of the Englishreader I have given all the references to Spittas Life of Bach in the correspond ing pages of the English edition of that book, published by Messrs. Novello Co. The index to the German original of Dr. Schweitzers book being hardly adequate, I have prepared a fuller one of my own, which I hope will increase the usefulness of the volumes. ERNEST NEWMAN PREFACE TO THE GERMAN EDITION 1 8. In the autumn of 1893 a young Alsatian presented himself to me and asked if he could play something on the organ to me, Play what I asked. Bach, of course, was his reply. In the following years he returned regularly for longer or shorter periods, in order to habilitate himself as they used to say in Bachs day in organ playing - under my guidance, One day in 1899, when we were going through the chorale preludes, I confessed to him that a good deal in these compositions was enigmatic to me, Bachs musical logic in the preludes and fugues, I said, is quite simple and clear but it becomes cloudy as soon as he takes up a chorale melody. Why these sometimes almost excessively abrupt antitheses of feeling Why does he add contrapuntal motives to a chorale melody that have often no relation to the mood of the melody Why all these incomprehen sible things in the plan and the working-out of these fan tasias The more I study them the less I understand them . Naturally, said my pupil, many things in the chorales must seem obscure to you, for the reason that they are only explicable by the texts pertaining to them. I showed him the movements that had ptmlecl me the most he translated the poems into French for me iroiu memory. The mysteries were all solved. During the next few afternoons we played through the whole of thechorale preludes. While Schweitzer for he was the pupil explained them to me one after the other, 1 made the acquaintance of a Bach of whose existence I had previously had only the dimmest suspicion, In a flash it became clear to me that the cantor, of St. Thomass was much more than an incomparable contrapuntist to whom I had formerly looked up as one gazes up at a colossal statue, and that his work exhibits an unparalleled desire, and capacity for expressing poetic ideas and for bringing word and tone into unity. Preface to the German Edition 1908...

Originally published in 1922. The author's experiences as a doctor/explorer in the untamed forests of Equatorial Africa. Illustrated with photos and maps. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. Home Farm Books are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

INDIAN THOUGHT AND ITS DEVELOPMENT BY ALBERT SCHWEITZER TRANSLATED BY MRS. CHARLES E. B. RUSSELL THE BEACON PRESS BOSTON Copyright 1936 by the Beacon Press First published in English by Rodder and Stougkton London, 1936 and Henry Holt and Company New York, 1936 Beacon Press edition first published in 1952 First Beacon Paperback edition published in 1957 Printed in the United States of America Second printing, September 1957 Third printing, June 1960 PREFACE I HAVE written this short account of Indian Thought and its Development in the hope that it may help people in Europe to become better ac quainted than they are at present with the ideas it stands for and the great personalities in whom these ideas are embodied. To gain an insight into Indian thought, and to analyse it and discuss our differences, must necessarily make European thought clearer and richer. If we really want to understand the thought of India we must get clear about the problems it has to face and how it deals with them. What we have to do is to set forth and explain the process of develop ment it has passed through from the time of the Vedic hymns down to the present day. I am fully conscious of the difficulty of describing definite lines of development in a philosophy which possesses in so remarkable a degree the will and the ability not to perceive contrasts as such, and allows ideas of heterogeneous character to subsist side by side and even brings them into connection with each other. But I believe that we, the people of the West, shall only rightly comprehend what Indian thought really is and what is its significance for the thought of all mankind, if we succeed in gaining an insight into its processes. Likeevery European who studies Indian philo sophy, I am deeply indebted to the scholars who have 630779 vi Preface published the texts and been responsible for the fundamental work of research. I am specially grateful to Professor Moriz Winternitz of Prague, not only for what I have learnt from his great work on Indian Literature, but also because he has allowed me a share in the wealth of his knowledge by giving me a fund of information in response to my questions. I have also found it a great advantage to have been able to discuss the problems of Indian thought with my friend Mr C. F. Andrews. I found Romain Hollands penetrating studies on Ramakrishna and Vivekananda very inspiring. And I have to thank my friend Mr A. B. Ashby for valuable help in connection with the English edition. Indian thought has greatly attracted me since in my youth I first became acquainted with it through reading the works of Arthur Schopenhauer. From the very beginning I was convinced that all thought is really concerned with the great problem of how man can attain to spiritual union with infinite Being. My attention was drawn to Indian thought because it is busied with this problem and because by its nature it is mysticism. What I liked about it also was that Indian ethics are concerned with the be haviour of man to all living beings and not merely with his attitude to his fellow-man and to human society. But the closer my acquaintance with the docu ments of Indian thought the more I was assailed by doubts as to whether the view made familiar to us Europeans by the works of Arthur Schopenhauer, Paul Deussen and others the view namely that Preface vii Indian thought is completely governed by the idea of worldand life negation is right. I was compelled to admit the fact that world and life affirmation is present at the back of this thought from the very dawn of its history, and that the existence and inter fusion within it of world and life negation and world and life affirmation constitute its special character istic and determine its development. I am not merely describing the thought of India, but at the same time I am making a critical examina tion of it...