This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Topics discussed include making free trade fair; the technology trade and NAFTA; the global financial crisis and net interest rate margins; the impact of the first home buyer tax credit on the U.S. housing market; the impact of a trade embargo on prices and product quality and a study of foreign direct investment stock contribution to output growth in the U.S. economy.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Topics discussed include a comparative study of optimal taxation and inequality in the U.S. and Latin America; health economics and the cost effective analysis of liver transplantation; the role of taxation in healthcare; carbon futures and options markets in the EU; the local economy and co-operative movement in Greece and an economic evaluation of tax evasion.

Progress in Economics Research. Volume 44 begins with an analysis of the influence of the economic crisis of the year 2008 on the consumption of "affordable luxuries" through an examination of the sales and market performance of different product categories. Following this, the authors assess an approach for reshaping the institutional basis for regional economic progress inspired by ongoing national economic reforms in present-day Ukraine. The theoretical basis for conclusions is drawn from the modern theory of new institutionalism. An in-depth analysis of energy efficiency in the South Caucasus region is provided, identifying two basic problems: incompatible legislation and incompatible consumer tariffs. Continuing, this compilation reviews the de-risking experience of several Caribbean countries. Some considered solutions include utilizing the correspondent banking relationship of domestic Central Banks, strengthening domestic regulatory and legislative framework to reduce risk perception, and lobbying at the regional level to raise awareness. The authors also address the importance of public procurement in spending public funds, which has a high impact on the development of the private sector. The conclusion raises questions regarding whose GDP should be optimized in a global economy, whose employment level should be addressed, and how this new stage in world development will look.

In relation to the perspectives of World Trade Organization members, Progress in Economics Research. Volume 42 examines key policy requirements involved in developing countries participation in future global e-commerce. This is based on a policy analysis of World Trade Organization e-commerce policies using grounded theory tools of deep-level inquiry.The authors go on to evaluate economic competitiveness in China, and its position as a global player in comparison with other World Trade Organization members using the Data Envelopment Analysis method.The dynamics behind socioeconomic inequality in Kenya are examined based on a reinterpretation of previously published works and existing data. In terms of political approaches to economic planning, Kenya has moved from the centralized statist approach in 1963 to a district focus strategy in the 1980s; an era of devolved funding from the 1990s and, since 2010, a devolved governance structure. Data from social sectors is highlighted to illustrate trends.Later, to assess the relationship between development paths and institutions in the Republics of the former Soviet Union, the authors build an index of development based on World Bank data. They consider the impact of governance on economic growth through a new index, also created from World Bank data.Also in relation to the former Soviet Union, the authors demonstrate that exemptions from taxation can be arbitrarily denied by fiscal authorities under invented pretexts. A stockholder and investor should know that, even in the course of simple transactions, he or she can encounter decisions of authorities contradictory to the law, misquoting of the legal codes by civil servants in their correspondence, backdating of official letters and embezzlement of registered letters.The closing chapter studies the Spanish fishing and processing sector of anchovy, analyzing its trade balance and prices for preparation to characterize the current situation of this sector at the national level. Production and economic performance are analyzed in the local, European and global context to define trends affecting the management of this species.

This compilation opens with an address of the way in which economic growth in Malaysia largely relies on external market conditions, despite the fact that Malaysia successfully shifted from an agriculturally-based economy to one that is manufacturing-based. Thus, the authors present an in-depth discussion of economic growth and human capital development plans and their impacts on the labor market in Malaysia. Next, the authors offer an original justification for a new generation of regional economic policy for contemporary Ukraine through proper gradual representation of its basic elements. The logic and reshaping principles of forming an internal circuit of regional economic policy modernization are presented, along with ways to reconcile the interests of the national and regional levels when revising a regional policy and more. The French economy from 2010 to 2017 is reviewed, particularly covering the areas of industry, agriculture, the services sector and international trade. Also covered are employment trends and the labour market reforms over this period. Following this, the authors examine the impact of new technologies on office employment, particularly on clerical jobs, in Mexico. Drawing on recent research on the evolution of job offers published by a leading Mexican newspaper, the authors are able to conclude that office jobs are no longer defined by traditional skills but by multitasking ability. This collection goes on to discuss how the advancement of information technology, in conjunction with the popularity of mobile payment, has facilitated a drastic growth of e-commerce retail business around the globe in the past decade. In order to focus on core business processes such as product development and promotion, e-retailers commonly outsource the logistics and distribution aspects of e-commerce business to third-party logistics service providers. The objective of the following chapter is to determine the contribution of inequality of opportunities to the distribution of accessibility to basic education between 2001 and 2007 in Cameroon. The results lead the authors to recommend a reinforcement of policies such as the abolition of tuition fees, the organization of awareness campaigns for the under-educated and the distribution of scholarships to girls and vulnerable children. The authors suggest that a closer look at recent overlapping generations models (with renewable resources that are costly to harvest) lends support to the view of classical economists who took the existence of the stationary state of a competitive market economy for granted.

In this next volume of Progress in Economics Research, chapters discuss risk measurement methods in financial investments; the expansion of intellectual property rights and foreign direct investments; the role of process in policy-making in the maritime sector with reference to corporate social responsibility and how issues of flexibility, movement, change, and the increasing speed of these events can be accommodated in a new governance framework that takes account of the changed situation for nation-states; enhanced cooperation and the progressive process of differentiated integration in the European Union and its implications; personal metaphors expressed using a sample of MBA students who are preparing for their future careers as directors; mobilisers' problematising economic inequality in Hong Kong.; and home purchase decisions of the younger generation in Hong Kong.

In this next volume of Progress in Economics Research, chapters discuss the harmfulness of excessive public debt levels in a zero level bound framework; the implications of the Great Recession for scenario forecasting of home prices; Amartya Sen's socio-economic analysis of famines; gender wage gaps from a social perspective; theories and recent developments about the economic and social impact of transport; coherence in policies for providing and regulating global public goods; the perceptions of Gold Coast locals regarding the proposed cruise ship terminal; tourism strategies for rural economic prosperity; and long-term challenges and opportunities in global competition in the automotive industry.

In this next volume of Progress in Economics Research, chapters include research on the elements that are important for the understanding of international development; the intellectual property rights' impact upon foreign direct investment inwards and foreign direct investment outwards and trade; the selection of the best energy mix on the basis of the most efficient utilisation of all available energy sources for the generation of electricity to ensure its future economic and social development; the efficiency of resource utilisation of twenty OECD countries; liquidity management under the principal-agent conflict; a discussion on the estimated surplus land value of real estate benefited by the public investment on infrastructure considering only the land value without the construction value and spatial location; the determinants of inventory investment; the prisoners' dilemma, congestion games and correlation; and rational choice theory, state abortion policy, unintended pregnancy and its economic implications.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Topics discussed include twelve fundamental contemporaneous contributions for the advancement of economic thought; modern approaches to natural monopoly identification and regulation under Russian economic reform; credit accessibility and small and medium sized enterprises growth in Vietnam; a solution for economic growth in developing countries; long term forecast of GDP in the context of Quasi-Solow balanced economic growth; purple oceans and the M&A virtuous circle new concepts for the theory of mergers & acquisitions; effects of labor migration on technical efficiency for rice-producing households in the Mekong river delta of Vietnam; and unified quasi-maximum likelihood estimation theory for stable and unstable Markov bilinear processes.

In this next volume of Progress in Economics Research, chapters include research on the impact of fiscal consolidation in developing countries on the real economy and propose an analysis of the austerity programs implemented in the Central and Eastern European and Baltic countries; transport infrastructure and how it influences the location of manufacturing firms allowing access to markets (local and international); the prospects and limitations of the intertemporal approach to global external imbalances; asset allocation strategies for members of defined-contribution pension plans with exponential utility with three types of assets; an analysis on positive versus negative reciprocity, considered part of behavioral economics; and insight into the Italian health care financing scenario. Specifically, the authors analyze regional political fragmentation and competition for effective political power between majority and opposition coalitions and test if the fragmentation of both coalitions are key variables that determine their effective political power.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Topics discussed include the economic stagnation thesis; potential pathways from land use to health, equality, economic development and sustainability; changing causal relationships between China and U.S. stock markets; the political-economic background of the contemporary depth crises in Europe; the strategic development of the Scottish cruise tourism sector and the factors effecting future growth; development of an optimised, automated multidimensional model for supply chain management; new focus of the agricultural policy in Europe; large-time asymtotics of exchange rates via non-Gaussian semi-martingale monetary dynamics; a theoretical approach to the quantitative dynamic structure of shocks in macroeconomic business cycle; and market power in bilateral oligopoly.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Topics discussed include strategic analysis of global firms; emotions in personal metaphors of prospective secondary economics, science, and psychopedagogy teachers; competition and antitrust policy; financing mental health facilities during the economic recession; and parametric control of economic growth processes and characteristics of short-term cycles.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Topics discussed include an assessment of the econometric methods for program evaluation and a proposal to extend the difference-in-differences estimator to dynamic treatment; bank market power and economic volatility; mineral resources governance, the U.K. petroleum fiscal regime; enhancing GDP growth and employment: from unproductive public expenditures towards human capital investment; environmental taxes for efficient waste management; the use of distance-based logistic regression in credit risk; generalisation to the modified GHG intensity universal indicator toward a production/consumption insensitive border carbon tax; experiences contributing to unemployed youth's work commitment in Hong Kong; why men and women still work in different occupations; and foreign human capital and integration in a city-state.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Topics discussed include creating and conserving shareholder wealth in emerging markets; ethics and leadership in global environments; changes in central bank reaction functions of central and eastern European countries in the financial crisis; tax morale and perceptions on social mobility, fairness and meritocracy in Latin America; the global financial crisis revisiting industrial policy and institutional infrastructure; cigarette tax systems in Thailand and other countries; and a commentary on charitable donations and estate tax.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Topics discussed include government and individual strategy for dealing with the increasing post-retirement life expectancy; emergent money and economic cycles; global poverty; modelling the factors that determine the phenomenon of corruption in the Mediterranean and Balkan region; examining the EU-27's international migration distribution; debt in retirement; and corruption and economics.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. It is perhaps a sign of the times that economic weapons such as sanctions seem to be as powerful as or more so than tanks. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Globalisation, outstanding and jobless recoveries, present economic issues of concern to millions. Topics discussed herein include economic policy and theory, the dynamics and trends in consumer demand, as well as marketing orientations and products and communications.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. It is perhaps a sign of the times that economic weapons such as sanctions seem to be as powerful as or more so than tanks. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Globalisation, outstanding and jobless recoveries present economic issues of concern to millions. Topics discussed herein include the economic integration of China's Hong Kong and Macao, incomes and spending of the Polish population in 2006, foreign investment in U.S. securities, foreign holdings of federal debt, the banking crisis and its risks and others.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. It is perhaps a sign of the times that economic weapons such as sanctions seem to be as powerful as or more so than tanks. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Globalisation, outstanding and jobless recoveries present economic issues of concern to millions. Topics discussed herein include: the recession and the issues and policies of the economic stimulus; the economics of the federal budget deficit; the potential role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in helping to resolve the current global financial crisis; a study of the patterns found in past recessions since World War II and an analysis of how this recession might be different; and the increase in leveraged buyouts (LBO) of U.S. companies by private equity funds and the potential impact of these deals.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. It is perhaps a sign of the times that economic weapons such as sanctions seem to be as powerful as or more so than tanks. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Globalisation, outstanding and jobless recoveries present economic issues of concern to millions.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. It is perhaps a sign of the times that economic weapons such as sanctions seem to be as powerful as or more so than tanks. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons. Globalisation, outstanding and jobless recoveries present economic issues of concern to millions.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. It is perhaps a sign of the times that economic weapons such as sanctions seem to be as powerful as or more so than tanks. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons.

This series spans the globe presenting leading research in economics. It is perhaps a sign of the times that economic weapons such as sanctions seem to be as powerful as or more so than tanks. International applications and examples of economic progress are invaluable in a troubled world with economic booms bursting like so many penny balloons.

This edited volume comprises six chapters, each detailing a recent advancement in economics research. Chapter One addresses the idiosyncratic labor markets of Spain and Andalusia. Chapter Two deals with the development and qualitative renewal of Kazakhstan's human capital in the context of innovative development. Chapter Three analyzes big companies and the relationship between capital and labor in contemporary society, supporting the research agenda of economic sociology and political economy. Chapter Four clarifies the concepts of green finance and identifies trends, challenges, and opportunities for the financial sector's role in the fight against climate change. Chapter Five sets out to determine whether livestock productivity can increase through bioeconomic management. Finally, Chapter Six studies the economy of crypto assets, comparing it to well-established financial markets and contemplating whether cryptocurrency network structure evolves and the importance of vertices changes.