This book presents a remarkably broad yet detailed description and analysis of the various roles played by universities in the workings of modern economies, with a particular focus on Europe. It provides both a wide survey of research by others on the topics addressed, and an account of the authors' own important work. The complex policy issues are clearly drawn, and the authors informed pragmatic position on them clearly articulated. This is the best book on the subject that I have seen.' - Richard Nelson, Columbia University, US'This book, with its wealth of information and its broad perspective, goes a long way toward educating us in the United States about how research at European universities is conducted and funded and details differences between Europe and the US. It is a must-read for anyone who wants to have a broader perspective on the relationship between universities and the economy.' - Paula Stephan, Georgia State University and NBER, US The University and the Economy provides an in-depth exploration of the many ways in which universities contribute to economic development and growth. By providing readers with theoretical tools and evidence to explain the means by which university activities impact the economic system, the book offers a robust analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of specific university systems. In offering a solid foundation of conceptual and statistical knowledge, this book supports the current debate on the role of the university in the contemporary economy. It also offers insights to enhance understanding of why some university systems are not contributing to their economies as well as others. The book adopts an economic perspective, which allows the actions of universities, as well as the individuals who study and work within them, to be analyzed in the context of economic models of behavior. From this perspective, it explains the organization, governance and funding of universities' activities and explores how these could be structured to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. Academics, policymakers, managers and professionals working in universities will find a wealth of valuable information in this book. It will also be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students of science and technology policy, higher education economics and the economics and management of innovation.

This book re-examines the rationale for public policy, concluding that the prevailing 'public knowledge' model is evolving towards a networked or distributed model of knowledge production and use in which public and private institutions play complementary roles. It provides a set of tools and models to assess the impact of the new network model of funding and governance, and argues that governments need to adapt their funding and administrative priorities and procedures to support the emergence and healthy growth of research networks. The book goes on to explain that interdependencies and complementarities in the production and distribution of knowledge require a new and more contextual, flexible and complex approach to government funding, monitoring and assessment. The chapters in this book issue a series of challenges to the next generation of science and technology policy. The need for new systems of governance in science and innovation make a single, all encompassing rationale for public funding unnecessary and irrelevant. The new policy questions that matter concern the means and mechanisms for intervention - the use of policy to harness, support and expand the interaction and dynamism of research networks composed of public and private actors.

This path-breaking book addresses the economics of knowledge in universities and, in particular, asks how the changing structure of university research funding influences research behaviour. The author considers the relationship between the allocation of funds and university scientific research productivity and examines different aspects of European Union funding of university research. In particular, the impact of possible unintended consequences of university policies and priorities are studied. The author introduces an economic and historical approach to university research behaviour that allows one to evaluate the indirect consequences of the new 'competitive approach' to university behaviour and funding. Moreover, the book presents empirical evidence supporting the hypothesis that tighter linkages between university and industry, which aim to increase the transfer of knowledge, may produce unintended negative effects. This book will be of use to scholars of the economics of innovation and the economics of knowledge.

Global Mobility of Research Scientists: The Economics of Who Goes Where and Why brings together information on how the localization and mobility of academic researchers contributes to the production of knowledge. The text answers several questions, including "what characterizes nationally and internationally mobile researchers?" and "what are the individual and social implications of increased mobility of research scientists?" Eight independent, but coordinated chapters address these and other questions, drawing on a set of newly developed databases covering 30 countries, including the US, the UK, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, and China, among others.

This book re-examines the rationale for public policy, concluding that the prevailing 'public knowledge' model is evolving towards a networked or distributed model of knowledge production and use in which public and private institutions play complementary roles. It provides a set of tools and models to assess the impact of the new network model of funding and governance, and argues that governments need to adapt their funding and administrative priorities and procedures to support the emergence and healthy growth of research networks. The book goes on to explain that interdependencies and complementarities in the production and distribution of knowledge require a new and more contextual, flexible and complex approach to government funding, monitoring and assessment. The chapters in this book issue a series of challenges to the next generation of science and technology policy. The need for new systems of governance in science and innovation make a single, all encompassing rationale for public funding unnecessary and irrelevant. The new policy questions that matter concern the means and mechanisms for intervention - the use of policy to harness, support and expand the interaction and dynamism of research networks composed of public and private actors.

This book focuses on how digital technologies and rapid developments in artificial intelligence are shaping a new generation of cyber-physical systems based on the convergence among robots, sensors, and 3D printing. The book tells a story based on data and indicators to compare the resilience to this transformation in some key manufacturing regions. As a specific case study, the book discusses in length the transformation of the manufacturing processes in the Italian automotive industry. The authors conclude the book by providing policy implications for regions and cities.