This book is filled with cutting-edge cognitive science research, with a special emphasis on psychological, linguistic, and neurobiological approaches. The volume is the result of a collaboration between the Departments of Cognitive Science at the University of Lodz and Lund University. It contains essays focusing on the key research issues tackled by both departments, including considerations of meaning, natural language and reasoning skills, linguistic and numerical competence, theories of decision making, modeling conceptual representations, cognitive and game theories and their insight into social interaction.