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This volume explores the interconnected social, sustainable and
spatial principles that underpin the design of more environmentally
conscientious buildings and places, illustrated through models,
drawings and images of selected key projects by the award-nominated
London-based architecture practice Mae. Each project outlines
beneficial strategies for creating more sustainable designs,
achieving social equity and working within our planet's limits to
elevate the human spirit in the long-term. This book posits
strategies to design buildings and places that enrich culture and
society, offering insight from researchers and practitioners, as
well as richly illustrated documentation of key architectural
schemes that put these principles into practice. It is a call to
arms for ways to create more environmentally regenerative
architecture, applying its ideas to architectural practice
worldwide.
This book reveals the multi-generational process involved in
humanity's first major scientific achievement, namely the discovery
of modern physics, and examines the personal lives of six of the
intellectual giants involved. It explores the profound revolution
in the way of thinking, and in particular the successful refutation
of the school of thought inherited from the Greeks, which focused
on the perfection and immutability of the celestial world. In
addition, the emergence of the scientific method and the adoption
of mathematics as the central tool in scientific endeavors are
discussed. The book then explores the delicate thread between pure
philosophy, grand unifying theories, and verifiable real-life
scientific facts. Lastly, it turns to Kepler's crucial 3rd law and
shows how it was derived from a mere six data points, corresponding
to the six planets known at the time. Written in a straightforward
and accessible style, the book will inform and fascinate all
aficionados of science, history, philosophy, and, in particular,
astronomy.
Contrary to common intuition that all digits should occur randomly
with equal chances in real data, empirical examinations
consistently show that not all digits are created equal, but rather
that low digits such as {1, 2, 3} occur much more frequently than
high digits such as {7, 8, 9} in almost all data types, such as
those relating to geology, chemistry, astronomy, physics, and
engineering, as well as in accounting, financial, econometrics, and
demographics data sets. This intriguing digital phenomenon is known
as Benford's Law.This book gives a comprehensive and in-depth
account of all the theoretical aspects, results, causes and
explanations of Benford's Law, with a strong emphasis on the
connection to real-life data and the physical manifestation of the
law. In addition to such a bird's eye view of the digital
phenomenon, the conceptual distinctions between digits, numbers,
and quantities are explored; leading to the key finding that the
phenomenon is actually quantitative in nature; originating from the
fact that in extreme generality, nature creates many small
quantities but very few big quantities, corroborating the motto
'small is beautiful', and that therefore all this is applicable
just as well to data written in the ancient Roman, Mayan, Egyptian,
and other digit-less civilizations.Fraudsters are typically not
aware of this digital pattern and tend to invent numbers with
approximately equal digital frequencies. The digital analyst can
easily check reported data for compliance with this digital law,
enabling the detection of tax evasion, Ponzi schemes, and other
financial scams. The forensic fraud detection section in this book
is written in a very concise and reader-friendly style; gathering
all known methods and standards in the accounting and auditing
industry; summarizing and fusing them into a singular coherent
whole; and can be understood without deep knowledge in statistical
theory or advanced mathematics. In addition, a digital algorithm is
presented, enabling the auditor to detect fraud even when the
sophisticated cheater is aware of the law and invents numbers
accordingly. The algorithm employs a subtle inner digital pattern
within the Benford's pattern itself. This newly discovered pattern
is deemed to be nearly universal, being even more prevalent than
the Benford phenomenon, as it is found in all random data sets,
Benford as well as non-Benford types.
Contrary to common intuition that all digits should occur randomly
with equal chances in real data, empirical examinations
consistently show that not all digits are created equal, but rather
that low digits such as {1, 2, 3} occur much more frequently than
high digits such as {7, 8, 9} in almost all data types, such as
those relating to geology, chemistry, astronomy, physics, and
engineering, as well as in accounting, financial, econometrics, and
demographics data sets. This intriguing digital phenomenon is known
as Benford's Law.This book gives a comprehensive and in-depth
account of all the theoretical aspects, results, causes and
explanations of Benford's Law, with a strong emphasis on the
connection to real-life data and the physical manifestation of the
law. In addition to such a bird's eye view of the digital
phenomenon, the conceptual distinctions between digits, numbers,
and quantities are explored; leading to the key finding that the
phenomenon is actually quantitative in nature; originating from the
fact that in extreme generality, nature creates many small
quantities but very few big quantities, corroborating the motto
'small is beautiful', and that therefore all this is applicable
just as well to data written in the ancient Roman, Mayan, Egyptian,
and other digit-less civilizations.Fraudsters are typically not
aware of this digital pattern and tend to invent numbers with
approximately equal digital frequencies. The digital analyst can
easily check reported data for compliance with this digital law,
enabling the detection of tax evasion, Ponzi schemes, and other
financial scams. The forensic fraud detection section in this book
is written in a very concise and reader-friendly style; gathering
all known methods and standards in the accounting and auditing
industry; summarizing and fusing them into a singular coherent
whole; and can be understood without deep knowledge in statistical
theory or advanced mathematics. In addition, a digital algorithm is
presented, enabling the auditor to detect fraud even when the
sophisticated cheater is aware of the law and invents numbers
accordingly. The algorithm employs a subtle inner digital pattern
within the Benford's pattern itself. This newly discovered pattern
is deemed to be nearly universal, being even more prevalent than
the Benford phenomenon, as it is found in all random data sets,
Benford as well as non-Benford types.
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