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In this book I argue that a reason for the limited success of
various studies under the general heading of cybernetics is failure
to appreciate the importance of con- nuity, in a simple metrical
sense of the term. It is with particular, but certainly not
exclusive, reference to the Arti cial Intelligence (AI) effort that
the shortcomings of established approaches are most easily seen.
One reason for the relative failure of attempts to analyse and
model intelligence is the customary assumption that the processing
of continuous variables and the manipulation of discrete concepts
should be considered separately, frequently with the assumption
that continuous processing plays no part in thought. There is much
evidence to the contrary incl- ing the observation that the
remarkable ability of people and animals to learn from experience
nds similar expression in tasks of both discrete and continuous
nature and in tasks that require intimate mixing of the two. Such
tasks include everyday voluntary movement while preserving balance
and posture, with competitive games and athletics offering extreme
examples. Continuous measures enter into many tasks that are
usually presented as discrete. In tasks of pattern recognition, for
example, there is often a continuous measure of the similarity of
an imposed pattern to each of a set of paradigms, of which the most
similar is selected. The importance of continuity is also indicated
by the fact that adjectives and adverbs in everyday verbal
communication have comparative and superlative forms.
In this book I argue that a reason for the limited success of
various studies under the general heading of cybernetics is failure
to appreciate the importance of con- nuity, in a simple metrical
sense of the term. It is with particular, but certainly not
exclusive, reference to the Arti cial Intelligence (AI) effort that
the shortcomings of established approaches are most easily seen.
One reason for the relative failure of attempts to analyse and
model intelligence is the customary assumption that the processing
of continuous variables and the manipulation of discrete concepts
should be considered separately, frequently with the assumption
that continuous processing plays no part in thought. There is much
evidence to the contrary incl- ing the observation that the
remarkable ability of people and animals to learn from experience
nds similar expression in tasks of both discrete and continuous
nature and in tasks that require intimate mixing of the two. Such
tasks include everyday voluntary movement while preserving balance
and posture, with competitive games and athletics offering extreme
examples. Continuous measures enter into many tasks that are
usually presented as discrete. In tasks of pattern recognition, for
example, there is often a continuous measure of the similarity of
an imposed pattern to each of a set of paradigms, of which the most
similar is selected. The importance of continuity is also indicated
by the fact that adjectives and adverbs in everyday verbal
communication have comparative and superlative forms.
This pocket guide provides a first introduction to the Open
FAIR(TM) Body of Knowledge. It will be of interest to individuals
who require a basic understanding of the Open FAIR Body of
Knowledge, and professionals who are working in roles associated
with a risk analysis project, such as those responsible for
information system security planning, execution, development,
delivery, and operation. The Open FAIR Body of Knowledge provides a
taxonomy and method for understanding, analyzing and measuring
information risk. The outcomes are more cost-effective information
risk management, greater credibility for the information security
profession, and a foundation from which to develop a scientific
approach to information risk management. This allows organizations
to: * Speak in one language concerning their risk * Consistently
study and apply risk analysis principles to any object or asset *
View organizational risk in total * Challenge and defend risk
decisions The audience for this Pocket Guide is: * Individuals who
require a basic understanding of the Open FAIR Body of Knowledge *
Professionals who are working in roles associated with a risk
analysis project, such as those responsible for information system
security planning, execution, development, delivery, and operation
* Risk analysts who are looking for a first introduction to the
Open FAIR Body of Knowledge
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