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This biography of the famous Soviet physicist Leonid Isaakovich
Mandelstam (1889-1944), who became a Professor at Moscow State
University in 1925 and an Academician (the highest scientific title
in the USSR) in 1929, describes his contributions to both physics
and technology. It also discusses the scientific community that
formed around him, commonly known as the Mandelstam School. By
doing so, it places Mandelstam's life story in its cultural
context: the context of German University (until 1914), the First
World War, the Civil War, and the development of the Socialist
Revolution (until 1925) and the young socialist country. The book
considers various general issues, such as the impact of German
scientific culture on Russian science; the problems and fates of
Russian intellectuals during the revolutionary and
post-revolutionary years; the formation of the Soviet Academy of
Science, the State Academy; and the transformation of the system of
higher education in the USSR during the 1920s and 1930s. Further,
it reconstructs Mandelstam's philosophy of science and his approach
to the social and ethical function of science and science education
based on his fundamental writings and lecture notes. This
reconstruction is enhanced by extensive use of previously
unpublished archive material as well as the transcripts of personal
interviews conducted by the author. The book also discusses the
biographies of Mandelstam's friends and collaborators: German
mathematician and philosopher Richard von Mises, Soviet Communist
Party official and philosopher B.M.Hessen, Russian specialist in
radio engineering N.D.Papalexy, the specialists in non-linear
dynamics A.A.Andronov, S.E. Chaikin, A.A.Vitt and the plasma
physicist M.A.Leontovich. This second, extended edition
reconstructs the social and economic backgrounds of Mandelstam and
his colleagues, describing their positions at the universities and
the institutes belonging to the Academy of Science. Additionally,
Mandelstam's philosophy of science is investigated in connection
with the ideological attacks that occurred after Mandelstam's
death, particularly the great mathematician A.D.Alexandrov's
criticism of Mandelstam's operationalism.
This biography of the famous Soviet physicist Leonid Isaakovich
Mandelstam (1889-1944), who became a Professor at Moscow State
University in 1925, describes his contributions to both physics and
technology, as well as discussing the scientific community which
formed around him, usually called the Mandelstam school.
Mandelstam's life story is thereby placed in its proper cultural
context. The following more general issues are taken under
consideration: the impact of German scientific culture on Russian
science; the problems and fates of Russian intellectuals during the
revolutionary and post-revolutionary years; the formation of the
Soviet Academy of Sciences; and transformation of the system of
higher education in the USSR during the 1920's and 1930's.The
author shows that Mandelstam's fundamental writings and his
lectures notes allow to reconstruct his philosophy of science and
his approach to the social and ethical functions of science and
science education. That reconstruction is enhanced through
extensive use of hitherto unpublished archival material as well as
the transcripts of personal interviews conducted by the author.
This book offers a survey of the historic development of selected
areas of chemistry and chemical physics, discussing in detail the
European, American and Russian approaches to the development of
chemistry. Other key topics include the kinetics and non-linear
thermodynamics of chemical reactions and mathematical modeling,
which have found new applications in the theory of dynamical
systems. The first observations of the periodicity of chemical
reactions were lost in the mist of time. In the second half of the
19th century, the phenomenon of chemical periodicity was studied in
relation to electrochemistry, solutions and colloids. Discovered in
the late 19th century, Liesegang rings are still enigmatic and
remain attractive for researchers. However, the discovery of the
Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction marked the successful culmination of
the efforts to find a true chemical oscillatory reaction. The book
investigates chemical phenomena that were neglected in the past,
but have been rediscovered, placing them into a new conceptual
framework. For example, it notes that William Bray, who discovered
the first oscillatory homogeneous reaction in 1921, was influenced
by the first bio-mathematicians who predicted chemical oscillations
in homogeneous systems.
This biography of the famous Soviet physicist Leonid Isaakovich
Mandelstam (1889-1944), who became a Professor at Moscow State
University in 1925 and an Academician (the highest scientific title
in the USSR) in 1929, describes his contributions to both physics
and technology. It also discusses the scientific community that
formed around him, commonly known as the Mandelstam School. By
doing so, it places Mandelstam's life story in its cultural
context: the context of German University (until 1914), the First
World War, the Civil War, and the development of the Socialist
Revolution (until 1925) and the young socialist country. The book
considers various general issues, such as the impact of German
scientific culture on Russian science; the problems and fates of
Russian intellectuals during the revolutionary and
post-revolutionary years; the formation of the Soviet Academy of
Science, the State Academy; and the transformation of the system of
higher education in the USSR during the 1920s and 1930s. Further,
it reconstructs Mandelstam's philosophy of science and his approach
to the social and ethical function of science and science education
based on his fundamental writings and lecture notes. This
reconstruction is enhanced by extensive use of previously
unpublished archive material as well as the transcripts of personal
interviews conducted by the author. The book also discusses the
biographies of Mandelstam's friends and collaborators: German
mathematician and philosopher Richard von Mises, Soviet Communist
Party official and philosopher B.M.Hessen, Russian specialist in
radio engineering N.D.Papalexy, the specialists in non-linear
dynamics A.A.Andronov, S.E. Chaikin, A.A.Vitt and the plasma
physicist M.A.Leontovich. This second, extended edition
reconstructs the social and economic backgrounds of Mandelstam and
his colleagues, describing their positions at the universities and
the institutes belonging to the Academy of Science. Additionally,
Mandelstam's philosophy of science is investigated in connection
with the ideological attacks that occurred after Mandelstam's
death, particularly the great mathematician A.D.Alexandrov's
criticism of Mandelstam's operationalism.
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