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This stimulating and comprehensive collection brings together
multiple perspectives on the topic of personality in nonhuman
animals-linking historical perspectives, theoretical approaches,
methods, and cutting-edge discoveries. Experts from various fields
describe their findings on species ranging from dogs, cats,
chimpanzees, and dolphins to sharks, snakes, and other reptiles.
Chapters not only discuss the evolution of personality, but also
describe potential applications within the areas of animal-human
interactions, animal ethics and welfare, conservation science, and
other areas. A key focus is the role of genetics and the
environment in determining animal behavior and personality,
including related traits, such as creativity and boredom. These
chapters present the study of personality in nonhumans as a means
by which we can better understand medical and psychological issues
specific to our own species as well. Chapters include: * Exploring
factor space (and other adventures) with the Hominoid Personality
Questionnaire * The quantitative and molecular genetics of
individual differences in animal personality * Personality,
temperament and individuality in reptile behavior * What do we want
to know about personality in marine mammals? * Individual
differences in nonhuman animals: examining boredom, curiosity, and
creativity * The interplay between animal personality and foraging
ecology Taking significant steps in advancing the study of animal
personality, Personality in Nonhuman Animals will engage
personality psychologists, comparative psychologists, and behavior
ecologists as well as conservationists, zookeepers, livestock
managers, and all those interested in the brain and behavior of
animals.
This stimulating and comprehensive collection brings together
multiple perspectives on the topic of personality in nonhuman
animals-linking historical perspectives, theoretical approaches,
methods, and cutting-edge discoveries. Experts from various fields
describe their findings on species ranging from dogs, cats,
chimpanzees, and dolphins to sharks, snakes, and other reptiles.
Chapters not only discuss the evolution of personality, but also
describe potential applications within the areas of animal-human
interactions, animal ethics and welfare, conservation science, and
other areas. A key focus is the role of genetics and the
environment in determining animal behavior and personality,
including related traits, such as creativity and boredom. These
chapters present the study of personality in nonhumans as a means
by which we can better understand medical and psychological issues
specific to our own species as well. Chapters include: * Exploring
factor space (and other adventures) with the Hominoid Personality
Questionnaire * The quantitative and molecular genetics of
individual differences in animal personality * Personality,
temperament and individuality in reptile behavior * What do we want
to know about personality in marine mammals? * Individual
differences in nonhuman animals: examining boredom, curiosity, and
creativity * The interplay between animal personality and foraging
ecology Taking significant steps in advancing the study of animal
personality, Personality in Nonhuman Animals will engage
personality psychologists, comparative psychologists, and behavior
ecologists as well as conservationists, zookeepers, livestock
managers, and all those interested in the brain and behavior of
animals.
The biological and genetic bases of behavioral diversity have long
been topics of study within many disciplines, including
evolutionary biology, genetics, ethology, sociobiology, and
comparative psychology, but only relatively recently have attempts
been made to bring these different approaches together. This volume
covers a wide range of interdisciplinary research which uses some
of the newest and most promising methods and technologies.
Presented here is an overview of findings in the ongoing search for
the ultimate causes of behavior in several different species,
including primates, dogs, rodents, birds, and fish. Divided into
five parts, the work describes research on sexual and kin
selection, personality and temperament, molecular genetics of
personality, color vision and body coloration, and the neurological
underpinnings of complex behaviors. Valuable for researchers as
well as graduate students in a wide range of fields from
neuroscience to ecology, the book is also useful to those seeking
to move beyond the boundaries of their own discipline and to expand
their knowledge.
Recently, there has been an increased interest in research on
personality, temperament, and behavioral syndromes (henceforth to
be referred to as personality) in nonhuman primates and other
animals. This follows, in part, from a general interest in the
subject matter and the realization that individual differences,
once consigned to 'error' terms in statistical analyses, are
potentially important predictors, moderators, and mediators of a
wide variety of outcomes ranging from the results of experiments to
health to enrichment programs. Unfortunately, while there is a
burgeoning interest in the subject matter, findings have been
reported in a diverse number of journals and most of the
methodological and statistical approaches were developed in
research on human personality. The proposed volume seeks to gather
submissions from a variety of specialists in research on individual
differences in primate temperament, personality, or behavioral
syndromes. We anticipate that chapters will cover several areas.
The first part of this edited volume will focus on methodological
considerations including the advantages and disadvantages of
different means of assessing these constructs in primates and
introduce some statistical approaches that have typically been the
domain of human personality research. Another part of this edited
volume will focus on present findings including the physiological
and genetic bases of personality dimensions in primates; the
relationship between personality and age; how personality may
moderate or impact various outcomes including behavior, health, and
well-being in captive and non-captive environments. For the third
part of the volume we hope to obtain summaries of the existing work
of the authors on the evolutionary important of personality
dimensions and guideposts for future directions in this new and
exciting area of research.
Recently, there has been an increased interest in research on
personality, temperament, and behavioral syndromes (henceforth to
be referred to as personality) in nonhuman primates and other
animals. This follows, in part, from a general interest in the
subject matter and the realization that individual differences,
once consigned to error terms in statistical analyses, are
potentially important predictors, moderators, and mediators of a
wide variety of outcomes ranging from the results of experiments to
health to enrichment programs. Unfortunately, while there is a
burgeoning interest in the subject matter, findings have been
reported in a diverse number of journals and most of the
methodological and statistical approaches were developed in
research on human personality.
The proposed volume seeks to gather submissions from a variety
of specialists in research on individual differences in primate
temperament, personality, or behavioral syndromes. We anticipate
that chapters will cover several areas. The first part of this
edited volume will focus on methodological considerations including
the advantages and disadvantages of different means of assessing
these constructs in primates and introduce some statistical
approaches that have typically been the domain of human personality
research. Another part of this edited volume will focus on present
findings including the physiological and genetic bases of
personality dimensions in primates; the relationship between
personality and age; how personality may moderate or impact various
outcomes including behavior, health, and well-being in captive and
non-captive environments. For the third part of the volume we hope
to obtain summaries of the existing work of the authors on the
evolutionary important of personality dimensions and guideposts for
future directions in this new and exciting area of research."
The biological and genetic bases of behavioral diversity have long
been topics of study within many disciplines, including
evolutionary biology, genetics, ethology, sociobiology, and
comparative psychology, but only relatively recently have attempts
been made to bring these different approaches together. This volume
covers a wide range of interdisciplinary research which uses some
of the newest and most promising methods and technologies.
Presented here is an overview of findings in the ongoing search for
the ultimate causes of behavior in several different species,
including primates, dogs, rodents, birds, and fish. Divided into
five parts, the work describes research on sexual and kin
selection, personality and temperament, molecular genetics of
personality, color vision and body coloration, and the neurological
underpinnings of complex behaviors. Valuable for researchers as
well as graduate students in a wide range of fields from
neuroscience to ecology, the book is also useful to those seeking
to move beyond the boundaries of their own discipline and to expand
their knowledge.
Complicated many-particle problems abound in nature and in
research alike. Plasma physics, for example, or statistical and
condensed matter physics are all heavily dependent on efficient
methods for solving such problems. Addressing graduate students and
young researchers, this book presents an overview and introduction
to state-of-the-art numerical methods for studying interacting
classical and quantum many-particle systems. A broad range of
techniques and algorithms are covered, and emphasis is placed on
their implementation on modern high-performance computers.
This volume reviews the broad topic of welfare in nonhuman primates
under human care. Chapters detail the history of primates in
captivity, ethical and legal issues surrounding the use of nonhuman
primates as entertainment or in research, the different approaches
that welfare are measured, and how housing, enrichment, and other
conditions can foster or degrade welfare. Since humans began
keeping nonhuman primates we have made vast strides in
understanding their cognitive abilities, strong social bonds,
vibrant personalities, and their capacity for joy and suffering.
With an increasing number of countries banning the use of great
apes in biomedical research, the welfare of primates in zoos and
research facilities has gained increasing attention. This
interdisciplinary work features contributors from many of the
fields involved and those on both sides of the issue, thus
providing an exhaustive overview of primate welfare. Readers from
animal welfare science, primatology, animal testing, veterinary
medicine, conservation to ethics and legislation will find this an
important account.
Looking for the real state of play in computational
many-particle physics? Look no further. This book presents an
overview of state-of-the-art numerical methods for studying
interacting classical and quantum many-particle systems. A broad
range of techniques and algorithms are covered, and emphasis is
placed on their implementation on modern high-performance
computers. This excellent book comes complete with online files and
updates allowing readers to stay right up to date.
Until now, the image of the Amazons that prevailed in classical
antiquity has been predominantly interpreted within the framework
of gender discourse. However, Amazons have been paradigmatic in all
literary and pictorial genres and through all epochs of antiquity
as representatives of various contrast in myth and history,
including the familiar and alien, self and other, as well as
settled and nomadic. As such, they are a part of very generalized
alternative worlds in which constructions of the self and images of
the other are co-mingled
Der Band versammelt Beitrage, die aus Anlass des 65. Geburtstages
von Michael Th. Greven verfasst worden sind. Im Zentrum steht dabei
insbesondere die Diskussion der theoretischen und
zeitdiagnostischen Potentiale der von Greven vorgelegten Theorie
der "politischen Gesellschaft". Die Beitrage gruppieren sich dabei
um die folgenden Schwerpunkte: Zu einer Theorie der politischen
Gesellschaft - Zum Zustand von Politik und Demokratie in der
Gegenwartsgesellschaft - Politik und Demokratie im Prozess von
Europaisierung und Globalisierung.
For the financial industry, it is of paramount importance to
understand the statistical features of price processes. While
statistical models can reproduce empirical findings, they cannot
give insight into the causal relationships and the market's
response to a changing environment. Microscopic models of financial
markets are an approach to understand the underlying mechanisms
determining the market behaviour. In this book, we give an
introduction to the basic idea of microscopic modelling with a
particular focus on the "Opinion Game," a microscopic market model
introduced by Bovier, ern and Hryniv (2006). Within the framework
of the Opinion Game, we devote ourselves to two issues: First, the
market stability in dependence on long-term investors and, second,
the market illiquidity when orders of large volumes are executed. A
survey of a JAVA implementation of the Opinion Game completes the
book.
Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 1998 im Fachbereich Mathematik -
Angewandte Mathematik, Note: sehr gut, Eberhard-Karls-Universitat
Tubingen (Mathematische Fakultat), 9 Quellen im
Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Eigenwerte von
Matrizen zu berechnen ist ein Problem, das haufig in
naturwissenschaftlich-technischen Anwendungen auftritt. In der
Theorie kann man mit Hilfe von Eigenwerten unter anderem Aussagen
uber die Stabilitat von dynamischen Systemen machen. Ausserdem
spielen sie in der Stochastik, z.B. bei Markov-Ketten
(Ubergangswahrscheinlichkeiten, Brownsche Bewegung), eine wichtige
Rolle. Nun einige Beispiele aus praktischen Anwendungen: - in der
Physik bei Schwingungsproblemen - in der Chemie bei
Verbrennungsprozessen - in der Makrookonomie bei der Uberprufung
von Marktstabilitat - in der Biologie bei Populationsmodellen Die
hierbei auftretenden Fragen bzw. Aufgaben sind z.B.: Wie berechnet
man - alle Eigenwerte und/oder alle Eigenvektoren fur eine kleine
Matrix (bis 10 DEGREES3*10 DEGREES3)? - einen Eigenwert und/oder
den zugehorigen Eigenvektor (betragsgrosster, -kleinster, mit
grosstem Realteil, ...)? - einige wenige Eigenwerte und
gegebenenfalls die zugehorigen Eigenvektoren? - einen Eigenvektor
zu einem bekannten Eigenwert (Markov-Ketten) Bei kleinen Matrizen,
das heisst Matrizen der Grossenordnung bis etwa 10 DEGREES3*10
DEGREES3, konnen diese mittels Householder-Transformationen auf
Hessenberg-Form bzw. im hermiteschen Fall auf Tridiagonal-Form
zuruckgefuhrt werden. Dann kann man z.B. mit der QR-Zerlegung die
gewunschten Eigenwerte und/oder die zugehorigen Eigenvektoren
berechnen. In dieser Arbeit sollen Matrizen in der Grossenordnung
10 DEGREES3*10 DEGREES3 bis 10 DEGREES6*10 DEGREES6 betrachtet
werden. Da die erwahnten Standard-Algorithmen einen zu hohen
Rechen- und Speicheraufwand verursachen, versucht man mittels
Projektionsverfahren dieses grosse Problem auf ein kleines zu
reduzieren, um darauf die Standardtechniken wieder anwenden und so
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