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Prevalence of tuberculosis in Islamabad area is low and most of the
herds were free from tuberculosis. Further, animals giving positive
reaction to tuberculin were apparently healthy and their milk was
also culture negative. These animals might have been in initial
stages of the disease. Tuberculin test provided baseline
information about the herd status; however, advanced techniques
should be used to confirm the results
Escherichia coli is normal inhabitant of all the animals and human
beings. Its non-sorbitol fermenting biotype (SNF) was detectable in
buffalo (90 percent), cattle (80 percent) or rarely in sheep (20
percent) and goat (30 percent). However, SNF E. coli were
un-detectable in droppings of rural chickens and feces of donkeys.
The SNF E. coli was detected in 100, 92, 71 and 80 percent of the
market milk samples and 100, 83, 83 and 53 percent beef samples
from Multan, Sandha, Wagha and Sheikhupura Roads, of Lahore city,
respectively. However, SNF E. coli was not detected from freshly
aseptically collected milk and beef samples but was detectable in
over all 96 percent of market raw milk and 82 percent market beef
samples. White colored colonies of each positive sample on Sorbitol
MacConkey's Agar (SMA) contained gram negative, rods with round
ends non spore former. Each of the isolates was sorbitol non
fermenter, lactose fermenter, indole positive, Methyl Red positive,
Voges Prauskaur negative and citrate negative. However, each of
such isolates showed green metallic sheen on Eosin Methylene Blue
(EMB) agar. Each of the isolate was further characterized using
polymerase chain reaction
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