Prevalence of tuberculosis in Islamabad area is low and most of the herds were free from tuberculosis. Further, animals giving positive reaction to tuberculin were apparently healthy and their milk was also culture negative. These animals might have been in initial stages of the disease. Tuberculin test provided baseline information about the herd status; however, advanced techniques should be used to confirm the results

Escherichia coli is normal inhabitant of all the animals and human beings. Its non-sorbitol fermenting biotype (SNF) was detectable in buffalo (90 percent), cattle (80 percent) or rarely in sheep (20 percent) and goat (30 percent). However, SNF E. coli were un-detectable in droppings of rural chickens and feces of donkeys. The SNF E. coli was detected in 100, 92, 71 and 80 percent of the market milk samples and 100, 83, 83 and 53 percent beef samples from Multan, Sandha, Wagha and Sheikhupura Roads, of Lahore city, respectively. However, SNF E. coli was not detected from freshly aseptically collected milk and beef samples but was detectable in over all 96 percent of market raw milk and 82 percent market beef samples. White colored colonies of each positive sample on Sorbitol MacConkey's Agar (SMA) contained gram negative, rods with round ends non spore former. Each of the isolates was sorbitol non fermenter, lactose fermenter, indole positive, Methyl Red positive, Voges Prauskaur negative and citrate negative. However, each of such isolates showed green metallic sheen on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar. Each of the isolate was further characterized using polymerase chain reaction