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This book provides an empirical analysis of economic and political
structures impacting the CFA franc zone. Concise and practical
chapters explore the history of the CFA franc zone, challenges to
development, geopolitical issues, the importance of flexible
exchanges rates, growth trends, and the impact of the Covid crisis.
Policy reform is examined to detail economic approaches that could
reduce poverty and increase the quality of life within the area.
This book aims to present a macroeconomic and exchange rate
framework to promote development and post-Covid recovery within the
CFA franc zone. It will be of interest to students, researchers,
and policymakers involved in African economics, the political
economy, and development economics.
This book provides an empirical analysis of economic and political
structures impacting the CFA franc zone. Concise and practical
chapters explore the history of the CFA franc zone, challenges to
development, geopolitical issues, the importance of flexible
exchanges rates, growth trends, and the impact of the Covid crisis.
Policy reform is examined to detail economic approaches that could
reduce poverty and increase the quality of life within the area.
This book aims to present a macroeconomic and exchange rate
framework to promote development and post-Covid recovery within the
CFA franc zone. It will be of interest to students, researchers,
and policymakers involved in African economics, the political
economy, and development economics.
This book is a journey through leading and incredibly diverse
emerging markets in a world of shocks and transitions. Tracing the
rise of China, the emergence of India, the changing fortunes in
Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico, the unique developments in Turkey
and Indonesia, the complex geopolitics in Russia and Saudi Arabia,
and the challenging post-apartheid transition in South Africa, the
study examines their varying prospects in the years to come.
 Using an innovative analytical approach and rich empirics,
the book delves into topics ranging from macroeconomics to human
development, institutions to climate change. It provides a
strategic roadmap of reform for these economies to escape the
middle-income trap. It argues that in a world where advanced
economies are defined by slowdown, growing trade blocs, changing
demographics, and the rise of renewable technologies, emerging
markets will continue to play a significant but complex role in the
twenty-first century. Â
Despite widespread agreement among economists that labor-intensive
manufacturing has contributed mightily to rapid development in
China and other fast-growing economies, most developing countries
have had little success in raising the share of manufacturing in
production, employment, or exports. Tales from the Development
Frontier recounts efforts to establish light manufacturing clusters
in several Asian and African countries, looking in particular at
China. A companion volume to Light Manufacturing in Africa which
laid out a strategy for injecting new industrial growth nodes into
African economies Tales from the Development Frontier focuses on
the six main binding constraints to competitiveness that nascent
light manufacturing industries must overcome in developing
countries: the availability, cost, and quality of inputs; access to
industrial land; access to finance; trade logistics;
entrepreneurial capabilities, both technical and managerial; and
worker skills. The volume systematically explores potential growth
opportunities in light manufacturing in a carefully selected subset
of industries: agribusiness, apparel, leather goods, wood-working,
and metal products. It specifies the constraints that need to be
addressed before local and international entrepreneurs can take
advantage of the latent comparative advantage available to many
low-income economies in the target industries. It also proposes
policies to ease the constraints policies that can open the door to
rapid increases in industrial output, employment, productivity, and
exports. The outcomes described in this volume include both
inspiring successes and miserable failures in addressing the
binding constraints in the identified sectors. These examples
reveal how and why industrial development efforts in poor countries
where, by definition, underlying conditions are far from ideal can
accelerate growth. Most of the firms described in a series of case
studies started from a very simple and modest base in an
environment full of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. With its
rich array of new material, this book will support the ongoing
research of policy analysts focused on China and other developing
countries. Above all, the volume aims to embolden business
entrepreneurs and government officials in low-income countries to
pursue newly emerging opportunities to expand and accelerate the
growth of light manufacturing in their home economies."
The MATERIALS EMPLOYED in the present research investigations were
a field-grown crop of cotton and 4 different spray schedules. The
TRIALS were, however, laid out at the Ayub Agricultural Research
Institute, (AARI), Faisalabad in a Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) and there were, thus, five treatments including a control,
having three repeats each. The SPRAY MATERIALS were prepared on V/V
basis, and sprayed over to the crop at an interval of fortnight
starting from August, 2010 by means of a Solo-Knapsack sprayer. The
various observations on the population of cotton jassid during the
trials were kept on being taken continuously throughout the test
season. The data on the population of jassid, from each plot were
recorded early in the morning one, two, three and seven days after
the application of the insecticides, from five plants, selected at
random. For this purpose, one leaf each from the upper portion,
from the middle portion and from lower portion, were observed for
jassid population, till five plants were completed. The population
data were, however, finally presented in the form of mean values
separately for each repeat of the various test treatments.
Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature, light,
salinity, drought stress, field capacity, pH and sowing depth on
germination of Carthamus oxyacantha M. Bieb. All experiments were
laid out in completely randomized design each with four
replications. Data were recorded for 15 days on parameter like
germination percentage, time to start germination, time to 50%
germination, mean germination time and germination index. Mean
germination time and germination index were significant in both
salinity and drought stress, except time to start germination and
time to 50% germination which were non significant. Increasing
field capacity from 0 to 100% increase emergence percentage, time
to start emergence, time to 50% emergence, mean emergence time and
emergence index. Maximum germination was occurred at neutral pH 7.
Emergence decreased with increase in sowing depth with maximum seed
grown (72.50%) at soil surface 0 cm and minimum (35.00%) at 6cm.
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