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Indonesia's trajectory towards successful economic growth has been
long and capricious. Studies of the process often focus either on
the Netherlands Indies or independent Indonesia, suggesting the
existence of fundamental discontinuities. The authors of the 17
essays in this book adopt a long-term perspective that transcends
regimes and bridges dualist economic models in order to examine
what did and did not change as the country moved across the
colonial-postcolonial divide, and shifted from reliance on exports
of primary products to a multi-centred economy. The aim is to
analyse how economic development grew out of the interplay of
foreign trade, new forms of entrepreneurship and the political
economy. The authors deal with entrepreneurship and economic
specialization within different ethnic groups, the geographical
distribution of exports and resource drains from exporting regions,
and connections between an export economy and mass poverty. One
recurring issue is the way actors from different ethnic groups
occupied complementary niches, highlighting the rich variety of
roles played by Asian entrepreneurs. A study of the international
sugar trade shows how regime change fostered co-operation between
different ethnic groups and nationalities involved in trading
networks, inter-island shipping, urban public transport, and the
construction sector. A comparison of export earnings and population
groups involved in trade before and after 1900 shows that
unexpected agricultural and industrial transitions could underpin a
fundamental shift in income growth, with improved living standards
for broad sectors of the population.
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R398
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